Ch 16 The Endocrine System

Name the 2 control centers of the endocrine system

Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland

In which sphenoid bone marking does the pituitary gland sit

Sella Turcia

Name the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary

Oxytocin & Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Where is ADH synthesized

Hypothalamus

Where is ADH released

Posterior Pituitary

What conditions in the body would cause release of ADH

Low water levels and blood pressure

Where is oxytocin synthesized

Hypothalamus

Where is oxytocin released

Posterior pituitary

What conditions in the body would cause release of oxytocin

Labor and Delivery of baby

What causes giantism

Too much growth hormone

What causes pituitary dwarfism

Too little growth hormone

Name the connector between the R and L lobes of the thyroid

Isthmus

What are the proper names of the 2 thyroid hormones

Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3)

Thyroid follicles are full of jello called

Colloid

What ion do we need to make thyroid hormone

Iodine

What happens to the body if hyperthyroid

Metabolism is too fast

What happens to the body if hypothyroid

Metabolism is too slow

What is the main cause of hypothyroid in the US

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

What other organs do the adrenal gland sit on top of

Kidney

The functions of the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex can be remembered by the three S

Salt, stress, sex

Which hormone is made by the zona glomerulosa

Aldosterone

What does aldosterone do

Regulate salt (K+/Na+)

Which hormone is made by the zona fasciculata

Cortisol

What does Cortisol do

Raises blood glucose

Which hormone is made by the zona reticularis

Androgens

What does Androgens do

convert testosterone in the bloodstream

Which arm of the ANS is closely linked to the adrenal medulla

Sympathetic

What will FSH cause production of what in a female

oocyte (egg)

What will FSH cause production of what in a male

sperm

What will LH cause production of what in a female

Estrogen & progesterone

What will LH cause production of what in a male

Testosterone

Females need testosterone for sex drive. Where does female testosterone come from

Adrenal androgens

To breast feed a baby a woman will need 2 hormones. Which two?

Prolactin and oxytocin

What hormone is made by the pineal gland

Melatonin

What does melatonin do

Puts you to sleep

What triggers the release of melatonin towards the end of the day

when it gets dark out

What hormone is released when blood calcium is below 9 mg/dL

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Where does Parathyroid Hormone come from

Parathyroid gland

What hormone is released when blood calcium is above 11 mg/dL

Calcitonin

Where does Calcitonin come from

C-cells of Thyroid

What hormone is released when blood glucose is below 70 mg/dL

Glucagon

Where does Glucagon come from

Aplha cells of pancreas

What hormone is released when blood glucose is high above 110 mg/dL

Insulin

Where does Insulin come from

beta cells of pancreas