AP Bio Unit 1: Fundamental Biology Skills and Knowledge

cohesion

cohesion

Water’s ability to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules

adhesion

Water’s ability to form hydrogen bonds with other substances

surface tension

The tendency of water molecules on the surface to cling more closely to other water molecules than to the substance around it, minimizing surface area.

capillary action

The ability of water molecules to seemingly defy gravity and climb up thin plant xylems through a combination of cohesion and adhesion.

Methyl group

CH3

Can affect the expression of genes when bonded to DNA

Hydroxyl group

OH

Is polar and can hydrogen bond. Increases solubility.

Carbonyl group

C=O

Often found in sugars

Carboxyl group

COOH

Behaves as an acid by donating H+

Amino group

NH2

Behaves as a base by accepting H+

Phosphate group

PO4

• Participates in energy transfer that drives cellular processes

• Can react with water to release energy

a-, an-

without, lacking, absent, not

amphi-, ampho-

both

anti-

against, opposite

aqu-

water

arthr-

joint, articulation

-ase

indicates enzyme presence

auto-

self

bi-

two

bio-

life, living

cephal-

head

chlor-

green

chrom-

color

cyt-, -cyte

cell, hollow container

derm-

skin

di-, diplo-

two, double

ecto-

outside

en-, endo-, ent-

in, within, into

epi-

upon, above, outer

ex-

from, out

gastr-

stomach

gene-

origin, birth

gyn-

female

hapl-

single

hem-

blood

hemi-

half

herb-

plant

hetero-

different, other

homo-

same

hydr-

water

hyper-

above, over

hypo-

below, under

iso-

equal

macr-

large

micro-

small

neur-

nerve

photo-

light

-phyll

leaf

-pod

foot

pseudo-

false

therm-

heat

-troph-

nourishment