Periodic Properties of the Elements

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to periodic properties of elements, ionization energy, and electron configurations as per the lecture notes.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations.

Electron Configuration

The distribution of electrons in an atom's electron shells and subshells.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, involved in chemical bonding.

Covalent Radius

One half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms joined by a single covalent bond.

Ionic Radius

The distance between the nuclei of ions joined by an ionic bond.

Metallic Radius

One half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms in contact in a crystalline solid metal.

Van der Waals Radius

A measure of the size of an atom that is not bonded, representing the distance between nuclei of non-bonded atoms.

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom, calculated by subtracting shielding effects of inner electrons from the actual nuclear charge.

Slater's Rules

A set of rules used to calculate the shielding contribution of electrons to effective nuclear charge.

Ionization Energy (Ei)

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.

Electron Affinity (Eea)

The energy change that occurs when an atom in the gas phase gains an electron.

Isoelectronic Ions

Ions that have the same number of electrons and the same electronic configuration.

Metallic Character

A measure of how easily an element can lose its electrons; increases as you move down a group and from right to left across a period.

Core Electrons

Electrons that are not involved in chemical bonding and are located in the inner shells.

Outer Electrons

Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom, critical for the formation of chemical bonds.

Penetration Effect

The phenomenon where some outer electrons can effectively shield inner electrons from nuclear charge.