PROF ISSUES PRELIMS

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Information System

integrated elements that collect, process, save, and share information to help decision-making and management.

Traditional Applications

Supermarkets, Shipping companies, Cities, Cars

Advanced Applications

Online school registration, E-learning systems (eLMS). Social media (Facebook, Instagram) and music streaming (Spotify, Apple Music).

Technology

Scientific knowledge + skills applied for practical use.

Hardware

physical parts (computer, keyboard, mouse).

Software

instructions for hardware.

• Operating Systems (Windows, iOS, Android, Linux).

• Application Software (Excel, Zoom, Facebook).

Data

raw facts (addresses, phone numbers, social media accounts).

People

users, developers, analysts, support staff.

Process

steps to achieve goals, improve productivity.

Peter Drucker (1959)

Introduced “Knowledge Worker” (people who use and create knowledge in their jobs).

Mainframe & Minicomputer (1960–1970)

• Centralized, focused on management/accounting.

• Tech: IBM 360, COBOL, Fortran, Ethernet.

Personal Computer (1970s–1980s)

• Start of PCs, mid-range computers.

• Departments benefit more, committees decide projects.

Client/Server (1980s–1990s)

• Info spreads across companies.

• New role: CIO (Chief Information Officer).

Enterprise (1990s–today)

• Systems available across all employees.

• Tech: social media, search engines, laptops, smartphones.

Cloud Computing (today & future)

• Apps/data not tied to one device.

• Managers access info anywhere (laptop, tablet, smartphone).

• Goal: better, faster, cheaper work.