chapter 4 ep tissue bio225

nervous tissue

internal communication; brain, spinal cord, nerves

What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

Contracts to cause movement

What type of muscle tissue is attached to bones?

Skeletal muscle

What type of muscle tissue makes up the heart?

Cardiac muscle

What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?

Smooth muscle

epithelial tissue

forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters

lining of digestive tract organs and other organs

connective tissue

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues.

bones, tendons, and fat

two main forms

covering and lining epithelia, glandular epithelia

main functions

protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception

5 characteristics

polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular, regeneration

Basement membrane

Layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

apical surface

borders open space

basal surface

next to underlying connective tissue

simple epithelial tissue

single celluar

all cells touch BM

stratfied epithlieal tissue

multicelluar

some cells rest on each other

What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?

Absorption, secretion, or filtration

Where is simple squamous epithelium primarily found?

Kidney and lungs

What are the two special types of simple squamous epithelium based on location?

Endothelium and Mesothelium

What is endothelium?

Simple squamous epithelium in lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart

What is mesothelium?

Simple squamous epithelium in serous membranes of the ventral body cavity

simple cuboidal epithelium

Secretion and absorption• Smallest ducts of glands and manykidney tubules• Ovary surfaces

What is the primary function of simple columnar epithelium?

Absorption and secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances.

What structures are found in simple columnar epithelium that aid in absorption?

Microvilli.

What structures are found in ciliated simple columnar epithelium?

Cilia.

What type of cells are present in simple columnar epithelium that secrete mucus?

Goblet Cells.

Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium typically found?

Digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands.

Where is ciliated simple columnar epithelium typically found?

Bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus.

What is the primary function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Secretion, particularly of mucus

Where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium primarily found?

Upper respiratory tract

What type of cells are associated with mucus secretion in pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Goblet Cells

Where is non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

Tubules of testes and ducts of large glands

stratified squamous epithelium

Protection• Esophagus, mouth, vagina- Nonkeratinized

Epidermis of the skin- Keratinized

startified cuboidal epithelium

Rare

some sweat and mammary glands

stratified columnar epithelium

Rare

Pharynx, male urethra, some glandular ducts Transition areas between two other types of epithelia

Transitional epithelial

Lining of hollow urinary organs

Ability of cells to change shape

Allows for increased storage

What is a gland?

One or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion.

What is an endocrine gland?

A ductless gland that secretes hormones and messenger chemicals into interstitial fluid (lymph, blood).

What is an exocrine gland?

A gland that has ducts and secretes substances to body surfaces or into body cavities.

What are examples of exocrine secretions?

Mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary secretions.

Unicellular Exocrine Glands

Mucous Cells

Goblet Cells

Epithelial Lining

- Intestinal

- Respiratory

Mucin

Multicellular Exocrine Glands - Types of Secretion

Serous- Watery

Mucous- Glycoprotein Mucin

Mixed- Both serous and mucin

Cytogenic- Whole cells

Multicellular Exocrine Glands - Mode of Secretion

Merocrine- Sweat, Pancreas

Holocrine- Sebaceous Oil

Apocrine- Mammary