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Wave
Disturbances transferring energy through a medium or space without permanently displacing the medium.
Mechanical Waves
Waves requiring a medium to propagate, like sound waves, water waves, and seismic waves.
Electromagnetic Waves
Waves traveling through a vacuum and not needing a medium, like light waves, radio waves, and X-rays.
Longitudinal Waves
Particles oscillate parallel to wave propagation, e.g., sound waves.
Transverse Waves
Particles oscillate perpendicular to wave propagation, e.g., light waves.
Crest
The highest point of a wave
Trough
The lowest point of a wave
Amplitude
Maximum displacement from the rest position, indicating wave energy.
Wavelength (λ)
Distance between consecutive crests or troughs.
Frequency (f)
Number of wave cycles passing a point per unit time.
Period (T)
Time for one complete wave cycle to pass a point, inversely related to frequency.
Wave Speed (v)
Rate of wave travel through a medium, calculated as v = f x λ.
Equation for Wave Speed
v = f x λ,
Equation for Period(Time)
T = 1/f
Note 
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