Unit 1

What is the significance of the Stazione Zoologica.

Was the first marine laboratory founded in Naples, Italy in 1872.

What is the significance of the Marine Biological Laboratory

First major American marine laboratory located in Woods Hale, Massachuetts

Describe some of technological advances that lead to the growth of Marine Biology

Sonar, ROV’s, AUV’s, satellites and submarines

In addition to the Theory of Evolution, who was the scientist who made other biological discoveries and was interested in topics such as

Charles Darwin and Atolls, Plankton, Barnacles , Crustaceans

Describe the two basic ways of thinking scientists use to describe, explain and make predictions about the natrual world .

Inductions - using observations to arrive at general conclusions and Deductions - reasoning from general principles to form specific conclusions

Describe the four large ocean basins

1. The Pacific: the deepest and largest ocean 

2. The Atlantic: only bit larger than the indian 

3. The Indian: about same depth of the Althanic 

4. The Arctic: the smallest and shallowest of the oceans

Compare oceanic crust with continental crust

Oceanic crust is denser, much thinner, and are less than 200 mil years old and made up of Continental crust is less dense, can be very old, and is made up of granite

Describe the history of the formation of the Earth as well as the Universe

What wre the contributions of Francis Bacon and Alfred Wegener to the scientific community

Francis Bacon - coastlines on opposite sides of the Atlantic fit together and Alfred Wegener - proposed the first detailed hyp. of continental drift

Lithogenous Sediments

are derived from the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks mostly on the contients

Biogenous sediments

consists of skeletons and shells of marine organisms

Describe the four layers of the Earth

The innermost layer is the core, the outermost layer is the crust, the layer outside Earths core is the mantle, The outer core is made up of the solid inner core and a liquid

Describe the features of the deep-sea floor

relatively flat, has submarine channels, low abyssal hills, plateaus, also has volcano islands and submarine volcanoes called sea mounts

Parts of a wave

crest, wavelength, wave height, trough

Describe tidal cycles

a full tidal cycle take 24 hr. and 50 min.

Mixed Semidurnal tides

tides w/ successive high tides in different heights

Semidiurnal tides

two high tides and two low tides a day

Durnal Tides

only one high and one low tide a day

Spring Tides

surge up like a spring of water and when the sun and the moon are both in line N

Neap tides

when the sun and the moon create a right angle

What is the relationship between water depth and pressure

Water pressure increase w/ depth due to the weight of the water above What

What is the factors influence the density of water

Temperature, Salinity, Pressure

Carbohydrates

made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, simple sugars and stores energy reserves

Proteins

made up of amino acids and some functions is structual patterns, hormones can also act as antifreeze L

Lipids

energy storage

Nucleic Acids

transmit the basic genetic info for life

Chemical Formula for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Chemical Formula for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6C02 + 6H20 + energy (ATP)

Levels of Organization high and lower than a cell

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Individual → population → community → Ecosystem

Osmo regulators

control their interal concentrations to avoid osmotic problem

Osmo conformers

marine animals that do not actively balanced their water and salt content

Endotherms

Organisms that retain their metabolic heat and raise their body temperature above their surroundings

Ectotherms

Heat is quickly lost to the environment and does not raise body temperature

Asexual reproduction is

a single individual or cell can reproduce itself without the involvement of a partner or other cell

Sexual Reproduction is

when a cell needs a partner or another cell to reproduce

Prokaryotes

a single molecule of DNA, made up of protein and RNA called ribosomes, have flagella for movement, nearly all unicellular

Eukaryotic

Complex structures and has a nucleus, have cilia

the system of five kingdoms

Animalia, Monera, Plantae, Protista, Fungi

Continental Shelf

shallowest part of the contintenal margin, only makes up 8% of the ocean but the biological richest part of the ocean

Continental Slope

closest thing to the exact edge of the continental, begins at the shelf break and descends to deep-sea floor,

Deep-Sea Fan

as sediment moving down a submarine canyon accumulates at the canyons base in a deposit

Active Margin

a type of continental margin where there are zones of intense geological activity including earthquakes and volcanoes

Hypothesis

a statement that might be true, an educated guess

Scientific Method

a way for a scientist to share their process and discoveries w/ other scientists around the world

Experiments

a scientist needs this to manipulate nature

Variables

the countless factors that occur in the natural environment

Who was the first accomplished western navigators by sailing around the Mediterranean, Red Sea, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Black Sea and Indian Ocean

The Phoenician

who is considered the first marine biologist known for recognizing that gills are a fish’s breathing apparatus

Aristotle

James Cook

was a sea captain and was the first to set sail to record scientific observations

What is the most important American early explorations are most known as the

Wilkes Expeditio n

What does ROV stand for?

Remotely Operated Vehicle

What does AUV stand for?

Autonomous underwater vehicle

Induction reasoning

You start with a series of observations, no goal on the outcome, completely objective, Use the observations oto reach a general conclusion

Deduction Reasoning

Start with a general statement about nature, Predict what would be the specific consequences if that statement would be true

A is supported by overwhelming evidence and represents the best comprehensive explanation of out observations

Scientific theory

What does Sonar stand for?

SOund NAvigation Ranging

When was sonar developed

it was developed during WW1