Genetics Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from genetics, including heredity, Mendelian principles, and genetic crosses.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Gregor Johann Mendel

The scientist responsible for our study of heredity.

Pea Plant

The plant used by Mendel for his experiments.

P Generation

The original parents used in a cross.

F1 Generation

Offspring of the P generation.

F2 Generation

Offspring from crossing F1 with each other.

Dominant Gene

A gene that masks the effect of another allele.

Recessive Gene

A gene that is hidden if a dominant allele is present.

Homozygous

Having two alleles of a particular gene that are the same.

Heterozygous

Having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait.

Homozygous Dominant

Having two dominant alleles (AA) which shows the dominant trait.

Homozygous Recessive

Having two recessive alleles which shows the recessive trait.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene.

Traits

Physical characteristics shown by alleles.

Genotype

The set of alleles that an individual has.

Phenotype

The physical appearance of a trait.

Punnett Square

A diagram that predicts the outcomes of a genetic cross.

Monohybrid Cross

A cross between two organisms for a single trait.

Co-Dominance

A genetic scenario where both alleles are fully expressed in the offspring.

Incomplete Dominance

A genetic scenario where neither allele is fully dominant, resulting in a blend of traits.

Mendel's Principle of Inheritance

Includes the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.

Autosomal Dominant Disease

A genetic disorder where only one copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disease.

Autosomal Recessive Disease

A genetic disorder that requires two copies of the mutated gene to express the disease.

Pedigree

A diagram that shows the occurrence of heritable traits in several generations of a family.

Sex-Linked Trait

A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.

Blood Types

Different classifications of blood based on the presence or absence of antigens.