chem trends

Atomic Radius Definition

Distance from the outermost elctrons to the nucleus

Atomic Radius Trend Down a Group

Increases

Atomic Radius Trend Across a Period

Decreases

Atomic Radius Explanation for Group Trend

More Principle Energy Levels, Electrons are futher from Nucleus

Atomic Radius Explanation for Period Trend

More Protons, so there is more attraction and electrons are pulled closer to nucleus

Coulomb's Law

Force depends solely on the charges and distance between objects

Larger nuclear charge = _____ attraction

Stronger

Larger distance between nucleus and electron = __ attraction

Weaker Attraction

Ionic Radius Definition

Radius of an Ion (Cation and Anion)

Nonmetals ionic radius trend

Forms Anions (-) and is larger than parent atom

Metals ionic radius trend

Forms Cations (+) and is smaller than parent atom

Metals ionic radius trend explanation

Metals lose electrons, so there is one less PEL

Nonmetals ionic radius trend explanation

Nonmetals gains an electron and a PEL

Ionization Energy Definition

Energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase

Ionization Energy Trend Down a Group

Decreases

Ionization Energy Trend Across a Period

Increases

Ionization Energy Explanation for Group Trend

Electrons are futher away from nucleus and less energy is needed to remove electrons

Ionization Energy Explanation for Period Trend

Electrons are closer to nucleus and more energy is require to remove an electron

Electronegativity Definition

Measure of an atoms attraction for electrons towards itself in a bond

Electronegativity Trend Down a Group

Decreases

Electronegativity Trend Across a Period

Increases

Electronegativity Explanation for Group Trend

PEL w/ shared elctrons is further away and weaker attraction

Electronegativity Explanation for Period Trend

PEL w/ shared elctrons is closer and stronger attraction

Metal reactivity down a group

Increases

Metal reactivity across a period

Decreases

Explanantion for metal reactivity down a group

More energy levels, weaker attraction, less energy needed to remove electrons

Explanantion for metal reactivity across a period

More energy needed to remove electrons bc they are closer to nuncleus and there are more electrons that need to be removed

Metal Ionization Energy =__

LOW

Metal Electronegativity = ___

LOW

Metals always electrons

Form cations that are smaller than the atom

Cation radi compared to its atom

Smaller

Anion radi compared to its atom

Larger

Malleable definition

Can be flattened

Ductile definition

Can be drawn into a wire

Metallic bonding definition

Cations in a crystal lattice surrounded by electrons

Luster definition

LIght reflectiveness

Conductivity definition

Degree to which a material conducts electricity

Nonmetal reactivity down a group

Decreases b/c electronegativiy decreases

Nonmetal reactivity across a period

Increases b/c electronegativity increases