period 7

Spanish American war

End policy of isolationism, starts with Cuba and Spain but america joins US wins annexed Hawaii, Philippines and add Puerto Rico and Guam Cuba gained independence from Spain

USS Maine

Accidental explosion in Javan harbor killing hundreds of Americans and yellow journalism claim it was Spanish attack

Yellow journalism

Exaggerated stories sensationalism over facts to push agenda

Imperialism in America

Frontier closes and many debates over whether US should expand and colonize over seas

Frontier thesis

Frederick Jackson Turner said frontier made us unique and without it America was the same as Europe increased support of imperialism

White mans burden

White people are superior so they r required to impose their way of life on others, city on a hill

Progressive era

Period of reform of social and political issues, workers rights, child labor, income inequality and women’s suffrage want govt intervention

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and abuses in politics and society

16th amendment

Gave congress power to levy federal income taxes to decrease wealth inequality

17th amendment

election of US senators by the people instead legislatures

18th amendment

Prohibition (later repealed) of alcohol

19th amendment

Women’s suffrage allowed them to vote

Pure food and drug act

Law aimed to protect consumers from unsafe food and medicines

Federal reserve act

Reform designed to stabilize American banking system and economy

Clayton antitrust act

Curbed unfair business practices and prevent monopolies and abuse from industries

Theodore Roosevelt

First president to not side with big business and broke up monopolies and introduces conservation

WW1

M- militarism:countries build up militaries

A- alliances: everyone was in alliances which catapults conflict

I- imperialism: competition for territories

N-nationalism

Against Germany US JOIN AFTER 1917

causes of US joining war

sinking of Lusitania

Zimmerman telegram

Unrestricted submarine warfare

treaty of Versailles

Ended ww1 blamed on Germany had to pay a lot in damages

Wilson’s fourteen points

Principles to keep lasting peace after ww1 wanted no secret treaties or alliances freedom of trade and establish League of Nations( was too weak but set stage for United Nations)

Espionage act

Jail time for people who aided enemy

Sedition act

Harsh penalties for anyone who speak against govt

Great migration

After ww1 African American move from rural south to urban north and west for better economic oppurtunities and equal rights

Red scare

Period of time when Americans feared spread of communism in America after Russian revolution feared labor strikes were communist led

Assembly line

Broke production into smaller tasks allowing for mass production and faster rise of materialism

Credit

Begin to use worked when economy was strong not when it was down

emergency quota act

Numerical limits of immigrants meant to reduce Jew immigrants from Eastern Europe

Harlem renaissance

Cultural and artistic movement marked moment of black cultural expression

Women’s roles in 1920s

Flappers change in style of women

Sex dancing drinking shorter clothing rejected idea that women should uphold societal morals

Prohibition

18th amendment prohibits sale of alcohol

Warren Harding

President reduces income taxes increase tariff rates return to normalcy corrupt

Great Depression

Bank failure, rna out of money

Overproduction, companies continued overproducing even after war

Credit, unregulated credit cause lots of debt

Stock market crash caused by all issues above

Hoovers response to GD

Raise interest rates, harder to produce and buy goods, raised taxes on imports, Hoovervilles

FDR response to GD(new deal)

Govt now responsible for welfare of citizens, reforms

Emergency banking relief

Banks close and reopen after govt inspects them restores confidence in banks

relief recovery reform

Relief- immediately help people

Recovery- help economy get back on track

Reform- ensure it doesn’t happen again

National recovery admin

Regulate profits prices wars etc

Public works admin

Gave money to state and local govts increased jobs

Social security act

Social security public pension for elderly and disabled

Wagner act

Outlawed union busting and industries had to listen to unions

Isolationists

Against involvement in ww2, suggest pursuit of profits led to war

Interventionists

Isolationism is outdated British defeat would leave America vulnerable

Lend lease act

Allowed Britain to obtain arms from US on credit while US still claim neutrality

Pearl Harbor

Japanese planes bomb Pearl Harbor killing thousands of Americans and prompting the US to join the war

Labor shortage

US went from crippling unemployment to labor shortage of men, cause women to work in factories and black Americans join war effort

Selective service act

Passed before war as first peacetime military draft in history around 15 mil American served

Japanese’s relocation

Fear of Japanese spies Roosevelt put immigrant sand American born citizens in internment camps and confiscated property

Korematsu v United States

Japanese American refused to go to camp and argued the removal was unconstitutional decided it was constitutional based on martial necessity

D day

Beach in France largest amphibious invasion’s over a million allied troops after heavy casualties allies liberate France

Battle of the bulge

Occurred in winter goal was to drive wedge between allied armies strategy failed and Germany surrenders

Island hopping

Military strategy that involves passing fortified Japanese islands in favor of smaller less strategic island to cut off japans supply lines

Atomic bomb

US drops 2 bombs on Japan killing many civilians and causing Japanese surrender

WW2 consequences

US become world power and can no longer have isolationism policy turned to containment policy

Marshall plan

US offers financial aid to European nations for rebuilding to encourage capitalism over communism

United Nations

Created as result of failed League of Nations has infastructure to enforce resolutions