OPPOSITION TO THE BWR?

How was fear used to quell opposition?

cromwell matserminded it, but doesn’t imply people were actually catholic, just scared

How did time influence the lack of opposition?

many people thought the reformation would not last

How did Henry himself cause a lack of opposition?

many thought that he would remain catholic

Why was self interest a reason for the lack of opposition?

many clergy went along with it as it provided good career opportunities, good for the gentry as they bought up land

How did concern for ‘number one’ cause little opposition?

own welafe and career before beliefs, , eg the Vicar of Bray

Who was Protestantism welcomed by?

many, including Cromwell, Anne Boleyn and Cranmer

Why were the poor a reason for the lack of opposition?

often didn’t effect their lives, same churches and same services

Why was ambiquiety a reason for the lack or religious change?

Henry changed ideas so frequently, nobody knew what he would decide on

How were church visitiations used to suppress opposition?

valor ecclasiasticus, removed the last religious group that did not owe direct obediene to him

How were procolomations used to suppress opposition?

public announcements of laws and visitations, only informed not propaganda

How was Cromwell used to suppress opposition?

vice genrent in spirituals, abided to lawful methods, worked ceaselessly

How was printed Propaganda used to suppress opposition?

Elton ‘full scale propaganda campaign’, pamphlets from the printing press, easily understandable form, ‘glass of truth’ contained the leiticus law, difficult to judge effectiveness

How was Henry VIII used to suppress opposition?

bitter intolernace of opposition, wore white to the burning of Lambert and persoanlly involved

How was royal correspondence used to suppress opposition?

16th April 1533 - letters sent to Jps ordering recipients to arrest pope supporters

3rd April 1535 - wrote to all bishops ordering thm to ensure that they preached the supremacy

How were injunctions used to suppress opposition?

two sets, consolidate english teaching and english bibles

How was the law of treason used to suppress opposition?

men can now be killed easily, harder to rebel, drawn on a hurdle, hung drawn and quartered

How was the Pulpit used to suppress opposition?

used by those who opposed and supported the government, Cromwell introduced a nationwide scheme for licensiing preachers and in january 1536 ordered Bishops to take action against clergy hesitant to make reforms

WHo was the holy maid of Kent supported by?

Fisher, more didn’t believe her

Who was THMOK manipulated by?

Boking

What happesnto THOMK in 1525?

16yr old nun who saw vision of the hoky virgin mary, when recovering from an illness

What was THMOK seen as?

a prophtess and holy messenger

What did THMOK first prophecise?

against the kings marriage to Anne, and said he would die

What was passed aganist THMOK?

act of attainder, executed in 1534 under Cromwell

What did THMOK claim in 1533?

henry would cease to be on the throne in a month

What did Boking plan to do, what did this lead to?

publish a collection of her visions, how Cromwell discovered her

What did THMOK confess under torture?

her prophecisies were fake

What is importnat about THMOK’s execution?

on the same day the act of treason is passed - WARNING

Why did THMOK have the vision about Anne?

to please Boking

What was the THMOK’s last vision?

God didn’t recognise Henry as King

What happened to the Franciscans and carhusians in 1533?

hanging and disembowling for denying the royal supremacy, bodies were boiled and fed to the dogs

What did the Carthuscians and benedicitines own lots of?

rural monastries, dissolved after 1536

When did the carthuscians not accept the divorce?

1532-3

What happened to the carthuscians in 1534?

resisted gov pressure to agree to a decleration against the authority of the pope, after treason act 18 were eecuted

How many monks died between 1533-1540?

300, heads on tower bridge

What were the caharter houses dangerously close to?

courts and Greenwich

wHy were the Observant friars dangerous?

spread the word of dissent, all 7 observant houses hsut

Why were the Carthusians less dangerous?

less united in their aims

What happened across 3 years to members of the charterhouse?

18 were executed or starved

How many leading carthusians were killed between May and July 1735?

6

What did Henry say about the death of Fisher?

‘ he will not have a head upon to wear his hat’

What did the death of Fisher cause?

outrage in Europe

How old was Fisher during the BWR?

in his 60s

Whow was the only Bishop to stand with CofA?

Fisher

Wy was Fisher respected across Europe?

piety and scholarship

What did Fisher say about the denial of papal supremacay?

it was sinful

WHo was in the same circle as Fisher?

Chapuys, ambassador to CV

What did Fisher refuse to swear, when?

oath of succession, April 1534

When was Fisher executed?

June 1535

What did the Pope do to Fisher before his execution?

made him a cardinal

Which other bishops initally resisted Henry, before conceding?

Warham and Tunstall

What was Fisher’s punishment for his influnce of THMOK?

fined £300

When was Fisher made a Pope?

May 1535

Who wa the first high profile martyr of the reformation?

Fisher

Who was the most senior English Bishop?

Fisher

When did More resign as Lord chacellor, why?

1532, following the submission of the clergy

What did More refuse and accept?

refused the oath of supremacy, accepted act

When was More executed?

July 1535

What did More oppose?

act of supremacy

Who tried to save More, why?

Cromwell and Cranmer, More was a respected humanist

WHat happened to More in 1535 (not death)?

perjured evidence produced that he spoke against the divorce

Wht did More see the defence of the Catholic church as?

a religious obligation

How did More defend himelf at his trial?

brilliantly, attacked the tyrannical nature of Henry’s England that allowed forlittle freedom of speech

How did the death of Moe affect Henry?

personally, a lot as he was a good friend, also harmed hnery’s reputation abroad