John Hancock
Prominent colonial merchant, statesman, and patriot during the Revolution
born in 1737
Wealthy shipping business, Massachusetts governor
John Hancock had a ? and was the first ?
defiance, British rule, rallying support, Declaration of Independence, largest signature
John Hancock was a symbol of ? against ?
central at ?
signed the ? with the ?
Mercantilism
A dominant economic theory in Europe emphasizing building wealth (primarily gold and silver) through a favorable balance of trade
from 16th to 18th centuries
provided lots of raw materials to mother country
economic strength, export, import
Mercantilism stated that a country’s ? was partly in due to its ability to ? more than ? goods
trade policies, navigation laws, exploited
British mercantilism was manifested through many ? and ? that benefited Britain
Colonists felt ?
tensions, colonists, British
Mercantilism was significantly influential in contributing to build ? between ? and ?
Sugar Act
A British law designed to raise revenue from the American colonies in 1764
new taxes on sugar, coffee, molasses from foreign traders that weren’t England
needed to repay war debts from 7 Years’ War
curb smuggling, French West Indies
The point of the Sugar Act was to ? and mainly reduce the trade between the colonists and the ?
call back to mercantilism
colonial resentment, British rule, oppressed, representation
The Sugar Act was critical in creating ? against ?
the colonists felt ? and had no ? over themselves
Townshend Acts
A series of British laws named after Charles Townshend designed to assert British authority and generate revenue in 1767
need to repay war debts from 7 Years’ War
Charles Townshend
? was the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or royal treasury of England
colonial resentment, British rule, British military presence, colonial representation
The Townshend Acts were instrumental in building more ? against ?
Colonists hated the resulting
Heightened ?
Lack of ?
Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty
Grassroots organizations formed in the colonies to protest British policies and advocate for independence
founded in 1765
mobilized British oppositions
unity, resistance
Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty were critical in building colonial ? and ?
Tea party, boycotting, homemade items
Some famous examples of the things the Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty did are
Boston ?
? of British goods
making ?
Quartering Act
British law requiring American colonists to provide housing and supplies for British soldiers stationed in the colonies
1st passed in 1765
Renewed in 1774
Intolerable Acts
The Quartering Act was part of the ?
resented, abuse, colonial rights
The Quartering Act was deeply ? by the colonists and was seen as an ? of power
infringement on ?
Boston Tea Party
A pivotal event in American history where a group of colonists (dressed as Mohawk Indians) dumped tea in the Boston Harbor to protest the unfair Tea Act in December 16, 1773
resistance, British East India Company, tensions
The Boston Tea Party was a symbol of colonial ?
the ? suffered major financial losses
further escalated ?
Quebec Act
A British law attempting to reorganize the government in Quebec in 1774
boundaries, accommodate, Ohio Valley
The Quebec Act attempted to extend Quebec’s ? and ? the French-speaking population
Quebec territory was notably expanded into the ?
British control, colonial rights
The American colonists perceived the Quebec Act as an attempt to strengthen ? and undermine ?
Boston Massacre
Occurred on March 5, 1770 when British soldiers opened fired on a crowd of rioting colonists in Boston
5 men killed, several injured
occupation, taxes, threatened
During the Boston Massacre, the colonists were protesting the recent British ? and ?, and everything turned violent when the British soldiers felt ?
Paul Revere, Samuel Adams, British oppression
? and ? used the Boston Massacre as propaganda to rally support against the British
powerful symbol of ?
Navigation Acts
A series of British laws designed to reroute colonial trade to only Britain starting in 1651
even if the colonists wanted to trade with other countries, it had to go through England first
mercantilism in the flesh
colonial resentment, economic independency
The Navigation Acts were pivotal in contributing to ? as the colonists desired ?
The Association
Part of the First Continental Congress to coordinate a unified response to British policies established in 1774
unified boycotts, economic pressure
The Association basically helped promote ? in order to create ?
resistance, unity, Continental Association of 1775
The Association was critical in organizing colonial ? and ?
precursor to the ?
Stamp Act
A British law that imposed a direct tax on American documents in 1765
newspapers, legal papers, licenses
protest, rights
The Stamp Act was met with extreme colonial ?
seen as a violation of the colonists’ ?
Stamp Act Congress
A legislature created in October 1765 to petition against the Stamp Act
gathered 9 colonial representatives
Unconstitutional, colonial resistance
The Stamp Act Congress declared the Stamp Act as ? and set the stage for future ?
Declaratory Act
An act passed by British Parliament in 1766 as the Stamp Act was repealed
asserted Parliament’s authority over the American colonies
right to make laws binding to all the colonies in all cases
reasserted, control, dominance, resentment, independence
The Declaratory Act ? British ? and ?
fueled colonial ?
threat to ?
Intolerable Acts
A series of punitive measures enacted by British Parliament in 1774 in response to colonial defiance
also called the Coercive Acts
Port Act, Government Act, of Justice Act, Act
The acts included in the Intolerable Acts include
Boston ?
Massachusetts ?
Administration ?
Quartering ?
oppressive, outrage, First Continental Congress
The Intolerable Acts were seen as severely ? by the colonial and sparked widespread ?
led to the creation of the ?
First Continental Congress
Created in Philadelphia in September 1774 as a response to the Intolerable Acts and other grievances
brought together representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies (not Georgia)
Intolerable Acts
the First Continental Congress was in response to the ? and other grievances
colonial resistance, Second Continental Congress, petition, King George III
The First Continental Congress was pivotal in unifying ? and setting the stage for the ?
a ? was sent to ?
Committees of Correspondence
American networks established in the 1760s-1770s to facilitate communication and coordination among the colonies about British policies and colonial resistance
political infrastructure, independence, protests, boycotts
The Committees of Correspondence created ? necessary for American ?
key role in ? and ?