Thẻ ghi nhớ: Destination C1/C2 - Unit 16: Topic Vocabulary, Phrasal Verbs, Idioms |

chip (v)

if sth hard chips, or you chip it, a small piece of it breaks off

chip (n)

a small piece of sth such as wood or glass, especially when it has broken off sth

compact (adj.)

smaller than most things of the same kind

concentrate

make a solution of something in water stronger

crack (v)

to damage something so that a line or long narrow hole appears on its surface, but it does not break into pieces

crack (n)

a line on a surface where something is beginning to break apart

crumb

a very small piece that falls off a dry food such as bread or cake

crush (v)

to hit or press something so hard that you damage it severely or destroy it, especially by making its shape flatter

crush (n)

a crowd of people all extremely close together in an area that is too small for them

dense

a dense substance is very heavy in relation to its size

dilute (v)

to make a liquid less strong by adding water or another liquid

dilute (adj)

a dilute liquid has been mixed with another liquid to make it less strong

dissolve

if a solid substance dissolves in a liquid, it is mixed into the liquid so that it becomes included in it

fabric

cloth, especially when it is used for making things such as clothes or curtains

firm

solid but not hard

flake (v)

to come off a surface in small flat pieces

flake (n)

a small flat piece of something

fragile

easy to break or damage

friction

the physical force that makes it difficult for one surface to move over another

grain

a very small individual piece of a substance such as sand, salt or sugar

gravity

the force that makes something fall to the ground

grind

to break something into very small pieces or powder, by using a machine or by crushing it between two hard surfaces

hollow

empty inside

liquid (n)

a substance that can flow, has no fixed shape, and is not a solid or gas

liquid (adj)

in the form of a liquid

lump (v)

to put people or things into the same group, although they do not really belong together

lump (n)

a solid piece of something that does not have a regular shape

mineral

a natural substance in the earth, for example coal, salt, gold or diamonds

mould (v)

to give something a particular shape or form

mould (n)

a shaped container into which you pour a liquid that then becomes solid in the shape of the container

opaque

opaque glass, liquid, etc is difficult to see through

pat (v)

to touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them or want to make them feel better

pat (n)

the action of gently touching someone or something several times with a flat hand

pile (v)

to put a large number of things on top of each other

pile (n)

a number of things put on top of each other

polish

to rub the surface of something in order to make it shine

scratch (v)

a) to pull your nails along your skin, especially because you have an itch that makes you want to do this

b) to damage a surface by marking it with something sharp or rough

scratch (n)

a thin mark on a surface

scrub (v)

to wash or clean something by rubbing it hard, especially with a brush

scrub (n)

a thorough wash or clean

smash

to break something noisily into many pieces by dropping or hitting it with a lot of force

solid (n)

a substance that is not a liquid or a gas

solid (adj)

a solid substance is firm and hard and is not a liquid or a gas

speck

a very small spot or mark

squash (v)

to damage something by pressing or crushing it and making it lose its normal shape

squash (n)

a situation in which there are too many people in a small space

squeeze (v)

to press something firmly, especially with your hands

squeeze (n)

the action of squeezing something

stack (v)

to arrange things so that they stand one on top of another

stack (n)

a pile of things placed one on top of another

stiff

firm and difficult to bend

stroke (v)

to gently move your hand over skin, hair or fur

stroke (n)

a gentle movement of your hand across skin, hair or fur

stuff (v)

to push something soft into a space or container

stuff (n)

a variety of objects or things

substance

a particular type of liquid, solid or gas

synthetic

made from artificial materials or substances, not from natural ones

tear (v)

to pull something so that it separates into pieces or gets a hole in it, or to become damaged in this way

tear (n)

a hole in a piece of paper, cloth, etc. where it has been torn

texture

the way something feels when you touch it

transparent

a transparent object or substance is clear or thin enough for you to see things through

built-up

a built-up area has a lot of buildings in it

bypass (v)

to avoid the centre of a town or city by using a road that goes round it

bypass (n)

a road that goes round a town or city so that you can avoid going through its centre

construct

to build something large or complicated, such as a bridge or a road

demolish

to deliberately destroy a building

district

an area of a town or country

dwell

to live somewhere

estate

an area where there are many houses, usually built at the same time by the same company

evict

to legally force someone to leave the house they are living in, usually because they have not paid their rent

high-rise

a high-rise building is very tall with many floors or levels

housing

buildings for people to live in

infrastructure

the set of systems within a place or organization that affect how well it operates, for example the telephone and transport systems in a country

inner city

an area near the centre of a large city where a lot of poverty and other social problems exist

occupy

if someone occupies a room, building, area of land, seat, bed or other place during a period of time, they use it

populated

a populated area has people living there

skyline

the shapes made by buildings or mountains when you see them against the sky

skyscraper

a very tall building containing offices or flats

structure

something large such as a building or a bridge that is built

suburban

relating to an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many houses, especially for middle-class people

surroundings

all the things that are present in a place and that form the experience of being there

urban

relating to towns and cities, or happening there

board up

cover a window or door with wooden boards

close up

lock the doors of a building or business

come out

a) be removed from something such as clothing or cloth by washing or rubbing

b) have a particular result or end in a particular way

cut out

a) remove something from a larger piece by cutting

b) stop eating something or doing something, especially because it is bad for your health

block (v)

to stop sth from moving through or along sth else

block (n)

a solid piece of wood, stone, ice, etc with straight sides

brittle

a brittle substance or object is hard and can easily break into pieces

compact (v)

to make sth smaller or firmer by pressing it, or to become smaller or firmer like this

fix up

clean, repair or decorate something

knock/pull/tear down

destroy a building or wall

pile up

if something piles up or someone piles it up, the amount of it increases a lot

prop up

a) stop something from falling by putting something under it or against it

b) help a government, system organization, etc. continue to exist, especially by providing financial or military support

put in

a) fix something such as equipment in the place where it will be used and make it ready to use

b) make an official request, claim, offer, etc

put together

a) make something by joining all its parts

b) produce or organize something using many different things

c) choose people or things to form a team or group

put up

a) build something such as a wall, fence or house

b) let someone stay in your house

set up

a) build a structure or put it in a particular place

b) make a piece of equipment ready for use

spread out

if people in a group spread out, they move away from one another so that they cover a large area

take down

a) separate a large structure into pieces

b) write down information or a statement