EXAM 3 LECTURE 3: OTHER STD'S (BACTERIAL OR VIRAL)

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

sexually transmitted virus that causes genital warts and cervical cancer

- more than 100 types

- common and often asymptomatic

1%

What % of HPV patients have genital warts?

- virus in cervix enters cells through micro-abrasions

- infected cells replicate HPV, infection spreads (several weeks later)

90% of cases heal within two years

- HPV invades deeper layers of tissues and turns cancerous (0.8 percent of cases develop cancer)

Describe process of virus in cervix (Cervical cancer)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

a recurring viral STD that produces painful genital lesions

two strains exist and both leads to herpes

Type 1 (HSV I)

represents 5-10% of genital herpes lesions

primarily causes oral-labial lesions

resides in trigeminal ganglion (near the ear)

appears on lower lip or face

Type 2 (HSV II)

represents 90-95% of all genital herpes lesions

lives in sacral dorsal root ganglia (base of spine)

appears in the genital area

Herpes

What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States?

non-curable

have it for life

Is HSV (herpes) curable or non-curable?

non-curable

Is HPV curable or non-curable?

Syphylis

a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidium

primary stage 1: sores (3-90 days after exposure)

secondary stage 2: body rash (4-10 weeks after 1st infection)

tertiary stage 3: affected internal organs (3-15 years after 1st infection)

What are the three stages of Syphylis?

Stage 1 and 2: curable

Stage 3: uncurable

What stages of syphylis is curable?

Which is not?

they have similar clinical presentations and similar symptoms

however, they require different antibiotic treatment

Why is testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae done simultaneously?

- gram neg obligate intracellular organism

- non-motile

- unique developmental cycle

What are the general characteristics of Chlamydia?

It has both DNA and RNA meaning it is a TRUE BACTERIA

Why does Chlamydia differ from viruses?

STD pathogen

trachomatis (Chlamydia)

birds

psittaci (Chlamydia)

role as pathogen in not yet clear

pecorum (Chlamydia)

atypical pnuemonia

pneumoniae (Chlamydia)

1. trachoma

2. inclusion conjunctivitis

3. LGV - lymphogranuloma

4. PID - pelvic inflammatory disease (Chlamydia)

What are some diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

1. enters a host cell as an elementary body (EB)

2. prevents phagocytosis due to rigid membrane

3. EBs transforms into reticulate bodies (RB) rich in RNA

4. RBs beings to divide (binary fission)

5. RBs transform into new EBs

6. New EBs emerge from inclusion

Explain the growth cycle of Chlamydia

(an obligate intracellular parasite)

Chlamydia

The most commonly reported bacterial STD in US

Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia is caused by what bacteria?

gonorrhea

What is Chlamydia very similar to in terms of its symptoms and pattern of transmission?

by damaging the fallopian tubes

can also cause preterm labor

How can Chlamydia lead to future infertility and increase risk of ectopic pregnancy?

vaginal discharge, penile discharge and abdominal pain

What are some symptoms of chlamydia?

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

untreated STDs can cause this

a serious condition mainly in women

1 in 8 women with a history of this experience difficulties getting pregnant

Trachoma

a bacterial infection that affects the eyes

contagious, spreading through contact with eyes, nose, or throat secretions of infected people

(handkerchiefs)

Trachoma

leading preventable cause of blindness worldwide

esp. in poor areas (like some places in Africa)

due to not getting treatment in time

Inclusion conjunctivitis

Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (follicular)

results from sexual contact with a person who has a genital infection

rarely acquired from contaminated, incompletely chlorinated swimming pool water

Conjuntival scraping

How is chlamydia presence determined in conjuctivitis?