Unit 1 Vocab

Hokokom

An ancient farming culture that lived in the Sonoram Desert.

Anasazi

An ancient Native American culture located in the four corners of Southwest America, including Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado.

Mayas

A Mesoamerican culture in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras known for achievements in writing, math, and astronomy.

Algonquian

An indigenous North American group and language known for hunting and agriculture.

Pueblos

A Native American culture in Southwest United States, descendants of the Anasazi, known for stone and mud brick architecture.

Siouan

A Native American language family known from the Canadian prairies to parts of California and Virginia.

Adena Hopewell

An interconnected mountain building of cultures, the Adena and Hopewell, in East North America with open trade networks.

Incas

An empire with an emperor, known for agriculture, architecture, and engineering, and didn’t utilise money often

Woodland Mound Builders

A Native American culture that lived in East and North America, known for building large earthen structures.

Iroquois Confederation

A historic alliance of people in Northeast and North America, uniting six nations.

Henry the Navigator

A Spanish prince who initiated the Age of Discovery.

Roanoke Island

The location where some Algonquian people lived and where the “Lost Colony“ got lost.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement started by Martin Luther, creating Protestant churches and splitting Europe.

Encomienda

A Spanish colonial labor system that allowed colonists to have Native American slaves.

Hermán Cortés

A Spanish conquistador who helped overthrow the Aztec Empire.

Francisco Pizarro

A Spanish conquistador who helped Spain conquer the Inca Empire.

Middle Passage

A sea voyage that transported about 2.5 million slaves to America.

New Laws of 1542

World regulations that banned Native Americans from being enslaved and changed the inheritance of labor when the owner died back to the Spanish count.

Bartolome de Casas

A Spanish lawyer, clergyman, writer, and activist.

Juan Guinez de Supevedad

A philosopher and humanist of the Spanish Renaissance who took part in the Valladolid debate.

Valladolid Debate

The first public debate in European history to discuss morality, rights, and treatment of indigenous people.

land bridges

a strip of land connecting two continents