ID 2242-1 Cubism & Futurism

Who named the movement "Cubism"?

Louis Vauxcelles

When did Louis Vauxcelles name Cubism?

1908

What did Louis Vauxcelles call Picasso's work when naming the movement?

"Geometric schemas and cubes"

Who painted Les Demoiselles D’Avignon?

Pablo Picasso

In what year was Les Demoiselles D’Avignon painted?

1907

What is the subject matter of Les Demoiselles D’Avignon?

Five women in a brothel

What specific cultural artifacts influenced the faces in Les Demoiselles D’Avignon?

Iberian and African masks

Who was the poet and art critic who defined Cubism as "time unfolding in space"?

Guillaume Apollinaire

Which scientists' work on "spacetime" and the "fourth dimension" influenced the Cubists?

Henri Poincaré and Albert Einstein

What is "simultaneity" in Cubist art?

The representation of multiple viewpoints of an object at the exact same time

Why did Cubists use multiple viewpoints?

To represent the passage of time as the viewer moves around an object

What was Picasso’s "process" for creating Analytic Cubism?

"Looking, finding, and comparing"

What is the goal of Analytic Cubism?

To inventory and break down an object into its component geometric parts

Who performed motion studies between 1880 and 1910 that influenced the Cubists?

Eadweard Muybridge

How did Muybridge's motion studies impact Cubism?

They provided a way to break down a single movement into multiple sequential "facts"

Who painted Lady with Mandolin in 1910?

Pablo Picasso

What style of Cubism does Lady with Mandolin represent?

Analytic Cubism

What is the difference between Analytic and Synthetic Cubism?

Analytic Cubism breaks things down; Synthetic Cubism builds things up

Who created Still-life with Chair Caning (1912)?

Pablo Picasso

What major artistic technique was first used in Still-life with Chair Caning?

Collage

What "ready-made" material is used in Still-life with Chair Caning?

A piece of oilcloth with a chair-caning pattern

Who painted Violin in 1918?

Pablo Picasso

What is a "ready-made" in art?

An everyday, found object that is repurposed or designated as a work of art

Who created the sculpture Bull’s Head in 1918?

Pablo Picasso

What two everyday objects were used to create Bull’s Head?

A bicycle seat and handlebars

What did Picasso mean by his quote "to show what I have found"?

He is showing the essence or "found" reality of an object through his artistic process

Who painted the mural Guernica in 1937?

Pablo Picasso

What event does Guernica (1937) memorialize?

The aerial bombing of the town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War

Why did Picasso use only black, white, and grey for Guernica?

To mimic the appearance of a newspaper and emphasize the "factual" nature of the event

In Guernica, what does the Bull represent?

Brutality and darkness

In Guernica, what does the Horse represent?

The suffering of the innocent people

In Guernica, what does the lightbulb represent?

The "eye of God" or the sun/the light of truth

Who painted The City Rises in 1911?

Umberto Boccioni

What art movement did Umberto Boccioni lead?

Futurism

What was the Futurist critique of Cubism?

They believed Cubism was too static and lacked the "vibration" and "flux" of real life

What is "dynamism" in Futurist art?

The representation of energy, speed, and constant motion

Who created the sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913)?

Umberto Boccioni

What concept does Unique Forms of Continuity in Space demonstrate?

The interpenetration of a form with the space surrounding it

What is "interpenetration" in Futurism?

The idea that a form and its "spatial envelope" influence and shape each other

Who created Development of a Bottle in Space (1912)?

Umberto Boccioni

What geometric shape describes the motion in Development of a Bottle in Space?

A helix or helical shape

Which scientist’s 1913 atomic diagram influenced Boccioni’s sculpture?

Niels Bohr

How did Niels Bohr’s diagram influence Development of a Bottle in Space?

It provided a model for representing three-dimensional motion as a helix

What does Boccioni mean by "assimilating form to its environment"?

Breaking the physical boundaries of an object so it merges with the space around it

What is the "spatial envelope" in Futurist theory?

The field of space that interacts with and vibrates around a moving object

What term does Boccioni use for the "real of reality" that Cubism misses?

Vibration or flux

How do Cubism and Futurism differ in their use of "multiple viewpoints"?

Cubists use them to show the viewer's movement; Futurists use them to show the object's speed

What common interest did both Cubism and Futurism share?

They were both interested in representing space-time and simultanei