APUSH Social and Economic revolutions 12

Huge turnover rates laborers

________ shopping around for best employers spectator sports.

Market revolution

changed barter system into cash payments-"Free "originally meant individual economic choice, but later was also range of attitude that was was necessary for success in the new competitive industrialized economy.

DeWitt Clinton

linked New York City to Great lakes through Hudson and canal.

Mechanization

meant that tasks could be performed by unskilled laborers Francis Cabot Lowell.

Market revolution

________ changed how people worked, thought, and lived: community ✦✦transportation revolution.

Part 12

social and economic revolutions Lowell mills

Market revolution changed how people worked, thought, and lived

community ✦✦transportation revolution

This always happens during industrialization

shows how economic changes affect most private decision

market revolution

a period in antebellum America that encompassed the industrial and transportation revolutions, the change from subsistence farming to large-scale cash farming, regional specialization, immigration, western-movement, and growth of cities

Irish immigration

largest group of immigrants between 1830 and the Civil War (2 million people arrived) that came to larger Eastern cities but were discriminated against (Catholic, poor) and came to control political machines (Tammany Hall)

Irish Potato Famine

a major push force for Irish immigration to America - killed 2 million in the 1840s

Tammany Hall

NYC political machine that dominated city politics, especially the democratic party in the north. eventually controlled by Irish immigrants

German immigration

largest group of immigrants by 1900 - 1.5 million immigrants from 1830 to 1860; many were farmers that moved west (more scattered than Irish) and were better educated than frontier Americans - introduced kindergarten and beer

nativism

the hatred of foreigners; emerged in the U.S. with the "Old Immigration" of Irish and Germans - hatred usually stemmed from religious differences (Catholic vs. Protestant)

"Know-Nothing" Party

(est. 1849) a political party built around nativist beliefs that sought restrictions on immigration and wanted to deport poor aliens; very influential during the 1850s

Industrial Revolution

a period in America characterized by intense economic growth due to inventions that stimulated the rise of industry - including spinning jenny, cotton gin, interchangeable parts, telegraph

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin in 1793, which made cotton harvesting 50x more productive and saw a dramatic increase in slavery, as well as the concept of interchangeable parts