American Republic Chapter 1

nomadic

nomadic

Native lifestyle; constantly on the move for searching food

settled

Native lifestyle; staying in one place, content where they lived

Woodlands

settled; lived in wigams; food: fish, maize, squash, hunted animals; known for great mounds, alliances

Plains

nomadic; lived in teepees; food: buffalo, seeds, berries, roots; known for powerful tribes

Southwest

settled; lived in adobes, cliff dwellings; food: small animals, wild plants; known for advanced pottery and weaving

Great Basin and Plateau

nomadic; lived in teepees, brush huts, hogans; ate buffalo, nuts, berries; known for petroglyphs

West Coast

settled; lived in cedar houses; food: salmon, oysters, other fish; known for totempoles

mounds

made of earth; filled with weapons, pottery, jewelry; often used as tombs; used for religious ceremonies

adobe

dried clay and straw mixture; used by the SW Natives for their houses

totem poles

carved from large trees; depicted local legends, important events; pictured local gods; others marked the gravesites of important leaders; used by the West Coast Natives

animism

the belief that sprits live in objects in nature

Vikings

courageous seamen from northern Europe; the first to visit North America around AD 100

Leif Ericson

best known of the Viking adventures; found a new land (the US) and named it Vinland

Christopher Columbus

thought that sailing west could reach the Orient; thought the money gained by new trade could be used to help Christians fight the Muslims that were invading Europe

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

the King and Queen of Spain that sponsored Columbus

Amerigo Vespucci

gave proof that the land Columbus found wasn't the Orient, but a a "new world"

conquistadors

Spanish conquerors; tried to find wealth in America

Armada (1588)

Spanish; invasion fleet(s) sent to destroy England

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish; first to explore FLORIDA; was searching for the Fountain of Youth

Hernando de Soto

Spanish; discovered the MISSISSIPPI RIVER

St. Augustine

the oldest permanent city settled by Europeans in the US

Francisco Coronado

Spanish; first to explore the GRAND CANYON

John Cabot

English; CLAIMED THE EAST COAST of North America for England

Sea Dogs

group of daring English sea captains who struck at the heart of Spanish power

Sir Francis Drake

English; MOST FAMOUS SEA DOG; favorite of Queen Elizabeth I; 2nd man to sail around the earth

Queen Elizabeth I

secretly encouraged pirating raids on the Spanish, loved Sir Francis Drake

Jacques Cartier

French; DISCOVERED THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

Robert de La Salle

French; CLAIMED THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND THE LAND IT DRAINED FOR FRANCE

Samuel de Champlain

French; Father of the New France; further explored the St. Lawrence River and the GREAT LAKES REGION

New France

land around the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River that was rich in furs

Huguenots

French Protestants; highly skilled, industrious; fled out of France and settled into English territory

Sir Walter Raleigh

English nobleman; THE LOST COLONY/Roanoke Colony

Lost Colony of Roanoke

English settlement that mysteriously disappeared

Jamestown

settled in 1607; named after King James I; English settlement

King James I

king whom Jamestown is named after; English king

Powhatan (Indians)

a group of Woodland Indians; lived near Jamestown; chief is also called Powhatan

Pocahontas

a Native American notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia; later married John Rolfe. NOT John Smith

John Smith

man who helped Jamestown survive; "if you don't work, you don't get to eat"

starving time

the famine that plagues the settlement during the winter of 1609-10; many deaths

indentured servants

agreed to be servants to gain passage to the colonies to repay debts, or to learn a trade; many Africans servants

House of Burgesses

first representative government in America, 1619

Philip II

strongest champion of Roman Catholicism in Europe