American Republic Chapter 1

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42 Terms

1

nomadic

Native lifestyle; constantly on the move for searching food

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2

settled

Native lifestyle; staying in one place, content where they lived

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3

Woodlands

settled; lived in wigams; food: fish, maize, squash, hunted animals; known for great mounds, alliances

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4

Plains

nomadic; lived in teepees; food: buffalo, seeds, berries, roots; known for powerful tribes

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5

Southwest

settled; lived in adobes, cliff dwellings; food: small animals, wild plants; known for advanced pottery and weaving

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6

Great Basin and Plateau

nomadic; lived in teepees, brush huts, hogans; ate buffalo, nuts, berries; known for petroglyphs

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7

West Coast

settled; lived in cedar houses; food: salmon, oysters, other fish; known for totempoles

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8

mounds

made of earth; filled with weapons, pottery, jewelry; often used as tombs; used for religious ceremonies

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9

adobe

dried clay and straw mixture; used by the SW Natives for their houses

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10

totem poles

carved from large trees; depicted local legends, important events; pictured local gods; others marked the gravesites of important leaders; used by the West Coast Natives

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11

animism

the belief that sprits live in objects in nature

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12

Vikings

courageous seamen from northern Europe; the first to visit North America around AD 100

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13

Leif Ericson

best known of the Viking adventures; found a new land (the US) and named it Vinland

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14

Christopher Columbus

thought that sailing west could reach the Orient; thought the money gained by new trade could be used to help Christians fight the Muslims that were invading Europe

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15

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

the King and Queen of Spain that sponsored Columbus

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16

Amerigo Vespucci

gave proof that the land Columbus found wasn't the Orient, but a a "new world"

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17

conquistadors

Spanish conquerors; tried to find wealth in America

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18

Armada (1588)

Spanish; invasion fleet(s) sent to destroy England

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19

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish; first to explore FLORIDA; was searching for the Fountain of Youth

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20

Hernando de Soto

Spanish; discovered the MISSISSIPPI RIVER

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21

St. Augustine

the oldest permanent city settled by Europeans in the US

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22

Francisco Coronado

Spanish; first to explore the GRAND CANYON

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23

John Cabot

English; CLAIMED THE EAST COAST of North America for England

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24

Sea Dogs

group of daring English sea captains who struck at the heart of Spanish power

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25

Sir Francis Drake

English; MOST FAMOUS SEA DOG; favorite of Queen Elizabeth I; 2nd man to sail around the earth

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26

Queen Elizabeth I

secretly encouraged pirating raids on the Spanish, loved Sir Francis Drake

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27

Jacques Cartier

French; DISCOVERED THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

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28

Robert de La Salle

French; CLAIMED THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND THE LAND IT DRAINED FOR FRANCE

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29

Samuel de Champlain

French; Father of the New France; further explored the St. Lawrence River and the GREAT LAKES REGION

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30

New France

land around the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River that was rich in furs

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31

Huguenots

French Protestants; highly skilled, industrious; fled out of France and settled into English territory

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32

Sir Walter Raleigh

English nobleman; THE LOST COLONY/Roanoke Colony

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33

Lost Colony of Roanoke

English settlement that mysteriously disappeared

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34

Jamestown

settled in 1607; named after King James I; English settlement

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35

King James I

king whom Jamestown is named after; English king

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36

Powhatan (Indians)

a group of Woodland Indians; lived near Jamestown; chief is also called Powhatan

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37

Pocahontas

a Native American notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia; later married John Rolfe. NOT John Smith

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38

John Smith

man who helped Jamestown survive; "if you don't work, you don't get to eat"

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39

starving time

the famine that plagues the settlement during the winter of 1609-10; many deaths

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40

indentured servants

agreed to be servants to gain passage to the colonies to repay debts, or to learn a trade; many Africans servants

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41

House of Burgesses

first representative government in America, 1619

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42

Philip II

strongest champion of Roman Catholicism in Europe

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