25: Liver, Pancreas, and Spleen

What major structure leaves a major impression in the caudate lobe of the liver?

caudal vena cava

List all of the lobes of the liver from left to right.

left lateral (LL)

left medial (LM)

quadrate (Q)

right medial (RM)

right lateral (RL)

caudate (above right medial and lateral lobes)

There are two parts of the caudate lobe. List them and their approximate position.

papillary process (PP): more medial, ventral cranial surface

caudate process (CP): more lateral, right ventral surface

The gall bladder is located between what two lobes of the liver?

quadrate

right medial

The hilum of the liver is called what?

porta hepatis

The falciform ligament is located between what two lobes o the liver?

left medial

quadrate

What surface of the liver touches the diaphragm?

parietal

List the structures of the biliary system, in order from which bile would pass.

gall bladder

cystic duct

hepatic ducts

bile duct

major duodenal papilla

What is the gallbladder, and how does it perform its function?

a sac that stores bile

contracts to push big into the duodenum (to digest lipids/fats

The hepatic ducts serve what function?

transport bile from liver itself to the bile duct

What is the function of the cystic duct?

carry bile from the gall badder to the bile duct

What is the function of the bile duct? Where does it connect, and what structure does it connect with?

collects all bile from cystic and hepatic ducts and transports to the lumen of the descending duodenum via the major duodenal papilla

What is the function of the ligaments of the liver?

hold the liver in position

What are the two ligaments of the liver?

right triangular ligament

left triangular ligament

coronary ligament

The right triangular ligament courses where?

right crus of the diaphragm to the right lateral lobe of the liver

The left triangular ligament courses where?

from the left crus of the diaphragm to the left lateral lobe of the liver

The coronary ligament courses where?

between the diaphragm and liver around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins (attaches parietal surface of the liver to the diaphragm)

The right lobe of the pancreas runs by what structure?

parallel to the duodenum

The left lobe of the pancreas runs by what structure?

deep, along greater curvature of stomach

The pancreas has endocrine and exocrine functions. What are they?

exocrine: produces pancreatic juice (has enzymes that enter the duodenum)

endocrine: produces hormones that enter directly into the bloodstream

The body of the pancreas runs by what structure?

pylorus of the stomach

The right lobe of the pancreas is located within which mesentery?

mesoduodenum

The left lobe of the pancreas is located within what mesentery?

deep leaf of the greater omentum

The pancreatic duct empties at what structure?

major duodenal papilla

What is the size difference between the pancreatic and accessory pancreatic ducts in dogs? Are they both present?

pancreatic duct is smaller than the accessory

sometimes absent in dogs

The accessory pancreatic duct empties into what structure?

minor duodenal papilla

Describe the pancreatic drainage in a dog.

accessory pancreatic duct is larger, pancreatic duct is smaller and sometimes absent

Describe the pancreatic drainage in a cat.

the pancreatic duct is always present

accessory pancreatic duct is only present 20% of the time

What is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

spleen

Within what mesentery is the spleen located?

superficial leaf of the greater omentum

What is the gastrosplenic ligament?

a peritoneal fold that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilus of the spleen

Which organ is known for its elongated hilus? What does this hilus contain?

spleen

many ANS nerves and vessels

Describe the shape of the ventral end of the spleen, and what region it is located in.

wider, more mobile

left flank/ umbilicus, depending on the dog

Name the surfaces of the liver represented by a and b.

parietal surface

visceral surface

Name the structure(s) indicated by a, b, and c.

left lateral lobe

left medial lobe

quadrate lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by d, e, and f.

right medial lobe

right lateral lobe

porta hepatis

Name the structure(s) indicated by g, h, and i.

papillary process

caudate process

caudate lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by a, b, and c.

right lateral lobe

right medial lobe

quadrate lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by d and e.

left medial lobe

left lateral lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by a, b, and c.

left lateral lobe

left medial lobe

quadrate lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by d and e.

right medial lobe

right lateral lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by f, g, and h.

papillary process

caudate process

caudate lobe

Name the structure(s) indicated by a, b, c, and d.

gall bladder

cystic duct

bile duct
hepatic ducts

Name the structure(s) indicated by a and b.

cystic duct

bile duct

Name the structure(s) indicated by a and b.

left triangular ligament

right triangular ligament

Name the structure(s) indicated by the green arrows.

coronary ligament

Name the structure(s) indicated by a, b, and c.

right lobe of the pancreas

body of the pancreas

left lobe of the pancreas

Name the structure(s) indicated by a, b, and c.

gall bladder

cystic duct

hepatic ducts

Name the structure(s) indicated by d, e, and f.

bile duct

major duodenal papilla

pancreatic duct

Name the structure(s) indicated by g and h.

accessory pancreatic duct

minor duodenal papilla

Name the structure(s) indicated by a and b.

pancreatic duct

accessory pancreatic duct