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Justinian
an Emperor that created law reforms that preserves Roman law; tried to reunify the Roman Empire
Theodora
Justinians wife and most trusted advisor
Belisarius
The last Roman general
Olga
a princess and member of the Kievan nobility who publically converted to Christianity
Vladimir
made all his subjects convert to Christianity
Yaroslav the Wise
a prince of Byzantine that married off his daughters to strengthen the empire, created a legal code, and expanded Christianity
Alexander Nevsky
prince and military hero who cooperated with the Mongols
Ivan I
gained Mongol trust and became the most powerful person by collecting taxes of all Slavic lands
Ivan III
the first Czar; rebelled against the Mongols
Mohammed
experienced a divine revelation from God; prophet and founder of Islam
five pillars
rules every Muslim must follow: affirmation of faith, charity, fasting, pilgrimage, and prayer
Abu Bekr
the first caliph; ordered the compilation of Mohammed’s speeches
Omar
the best conqueror of the early caliphs; second caliph
Othman
an Umayyad who converted; third caliph
Ali
cousin to Mohammed; fought the Umayyads
Muslim
means “one who surrenders”
Baghdad
Capital of the Abbasid kingdom
boyars
Russian nobles
Moscow
Under the Mongols, this city became the capital of Russia
caliph
term for Muslim ruler
Hagia Sophia
The great church Justinian built in Constantinople
Tours
Battle where the Muslim advance into Europe was stopped
Kiev
capital of the first Russian kingdom
Cordoba
printing capital of Europe when it was a Muslim city
Shia Muslims
believe the leader of the faith must come from Mohammed’s bloodline
Islam
means “to surrender”
schism
means “split”
Cyrillic
alphabet of the Slavic people
hijira
Event that signaled the beginning of Islam
czar
title for Russian kings
Mecca
city where Mohammed first preached his message
Suni Muslims
believe any wise person can lead the faith
patriarch
head of the Greek Orthodox Christians
icon
a religious image
iconoclasts
people who went around breaking religious images
Medina
city Mohammed fled to
Slavs
ethnic group that populated eastern Europe
Damascus
the finest quality steel was produced here
Koran
the Muslim holy book