BTEC DIT - Learning Aim C - Implications of digital systems

What is location-based data? Give an example.

Location-based data is information that shows where something or someone is located, often using GPS or mapping services.

Example: Tracking the location of delivery vehicles or showing nearby restaurants on a map app.

What is transactional data? Give an example.

Transactional data records details of events or transactions that take place.

Example: A customer’s online purchase showing items bought, price, date, and payment method.

What are cookies, and what do they do?

Cookies are small text files stored on a user’s device by a website.

They remember user preferences, login details, and browsing activity to improve website experience and personalise content.

What legal act regulates the responsible use of data in the UK?

The Data Protection Act 2018 regulates how personal data is collected, stored, and used responsibly in the UK.

What are the risks of storing payment details online?

Location based data - if hacked can be a serious issue around personal privacy.

Transactional data - if hacked financial information can be stolen and used for fraud.

Cookies - malware can be disguised as cookies and some people have issues around privacy.

Data exchange between services - unencrypted data could be stolen.

How is data exchanged between services?

1. Make a purchase on a website.

2. The website records your info and shares this with the retailer or the warehouse.

3. Payment details are exchanged with the bank who approves or declines the sale.

4. Delivery address is exchanged with the delivery company.

5. The delivery company exchanges data with the retail company to confirm.

How can businesses use shared sales data to make better decisions?

Businesses can analyse shared sales data to spot trends, understand customer preferences, and adjust prices, stock, or marketing to improve sales and profits.

Why is the mining of materials like lithium and nickel harmful to the environment?

Mining lithium and nickel can cause habitat destruction, water pollution, and high energy use, leading to loss of biodiversity and increased carbon emissions.

How does leaving devices like servers and routers running 24/7 impact the environment?

Running devices all the time uses large amounts of electricity, which increases carbon emissions and contributes to climate change and energy waste.

What are two ways to reduce electronic waste (e-waste)?

1. Recycle or reuse old devices and components.

2. Repair or upgrade equipment instead of throwing it away.

What is the benefit of upgrading a computer instead of replacing it?

Upgrading a computer saves money and reduces e-waste, while improving performance without needing to buy a whole new device.

What are two ways organisations can reduce their paper usage?

1. Use digital documents instead of printing.

2. Encourage double-sided printing or reusing scrap paper when printing is needed.

List three benefits of equal access to technology for individuals.

1. Social media enables faster communication and allows friends and family to stay in touch more easily.

2. Access to information via the web has led to the flexibility of online shopping.

3. Media streaming allows a much wider range of entertainment options

List three benefits of equal access to technology for organisations.

1. High speed broadband and connections allow a wider choice of locations for businesses.

2. Accessibility features on devices and flexible working have widened the pool of staff recruitment.

3. Fast internet connections support applications that require large volumes of data to be transferred across the network quickly.

What legal protections exist to ensure equal access?

The Equality Act 2010 protects people from discrimination and ensures equal access to services, technology, and opportunities for everyone.

How can accessibility settings help users with disabilities?

Accessibility settings help users by adapting devices to their needs — for example, using screen readers, voice control, text enlargement, or high-contrast modes to make technology easier to use.

What is 'netiquette' and why is it important?

Netiquette means using good manners and respectful behaviour online.

It’s important because it helps create a positive, safe, and respectful online environment for everyone.Websites should work on all devices so users can access information easily, whether on a phone, tablet, or computer — improving usability, accessibility, and user satisfaction.

Why should websites be designed to work across multiple devices and technologies?

Websites should work on all devices so users can access information easily, whether on a phone, tablet, or computer — improving usability, accessibility, and user satisfaction.

What is an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)?

An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a set of rules that explain how technology, networks, and data can be used safely and responsibly within an organisation.

What are three things typically covered by an Acceptable Use Policy?

1. Rules for using computers and the internet safely

2. Guidelines for protecting data and privacy

3. Consequences for breaking the rules

What are three ways organisations monitor behaviour under a Use Policy?

1. Tracking internet activity and websites visited

2. Monitoring emails and messages

3. Using CCTV or login records to check system access

What is Net Neutrality?

Net Neutrality is the principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally, meaning internet providers cannot block, slow down, or prioritise certain websites or services.

Why is it illegal to discriminate against employees based on race or ethnicity?

Because the Equality Act 2010 makes it illegal to treat people unfairly due to race or ethnicity, ensuring fairness, equal opportunities, and diversity in the workplace.

Give one example of a professional guideline related to IT usage.

The British Computer Society (BCS) Code of Conduct — it sets rules for IT professionals to act honestly, protect privacy, and use technology responsibly.

What is the purpose of the Data Protection Act 2018 and list the six principles of data protection.

The Data Protection Act 2018 ensures personal data is used fairly, lawfully, and securely. Six principles are:

1. Used lawfully, fairly, and transparently

2. Collected for specific purposes

3. Limited to what is necessary

4. Accurate and up to date

5. Kept no longer than needed

6. Kept securely

What does the right to be informed mean for data subjects?

It means people have the right to know how their personal data is collected, used, and stored, including who is using it and for what purpose.

What is data portability, and why is it useful?

Data portability allows people to get and reuse their personal data across different services. It’s useful because it makes it easier to switch providers and stay in control of personal information.

Why are there ethical concerns about data collection on the internet?

Because personal data can be collected without consent, shared, or used unfairly, raising concerns about privacy, surveillance, and loss of control over personal information.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of cookies?

Advantages: Improve user experience by remembering logins, preferences, and shopping carts.

Disadvantages: Can track users without consent and raise privacy concerns if data is shared or misused.

What is intellectual property, and why is it important?

Intellectual property (IP) is a person’s original work or creation, like software, music, or designs. It’s important because it gives legal protection and ensures creators are rewarded for their work.

How does copyright protect creative works?

Copyright gives the creator legal rights over their original work, stopping others from copying, sharing, or using it without permission.