Cell Bio 8

Does the mitochondria contains its own genome?

Yes

Does the chloroplast contains its own genome?

Yes

Does the peroxisome contain its own genome?

No

What differences are there between the mitochondria genetic code and the general genetic code?

• Some codes encode for a different amino acids

• There is extreme wobble in the mitochondrial genome

Mitochondria is similar to what ancient organism due to symbiosis?

Alpha-proteobacteria

Mitochondria has what unique genetic components for protein production?

• Own genome

• Codes for proteins

• rRNA

• tRNA

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Cytosol

What are the products of glycolysis?

1 molecule of glucose yields:

2 molecules of pyruvate

2 molecules of ATP

2 molecules of NADH

Where in the cell is pyruvate converted into acetyl CoA?

Mitochondrial matrix

The citric acid cycle converts Acetyl CoA to what?

One turn yields:

3 molecules NADH

1 molecule FADH2

1 molecule GTP

2 molecules CO2

What does the mitochondrial outer membrane contains its a lot of?

Porins

Mitochondrial DNA comes from which parent in humans?

Mom

If mom has a mutation in mitochondria which of her offspring will carry that mutation?

All offspring will be carriers

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy is caused by what?

Mitochondrial mutations

Most mitochondria and chloroplast proteins are synthesized where in the cell?

Free ribosomes in the cytosol and then transported to mitochondria and chloroplast

How are unfolded mitochondria proteins translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria?

Through TOM and TIM translocator

Mitochondria coded inner membrane proteins are translocated to the inner membrane how?

Through Oxa translocase

Most mitochondria phospholipids are synthesized where? How are they imported to mitochondria?

Synthesized in the ER and imported by phospholipid transfer proteins

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occurs where and how?

Through inner membrane proteins of mitochondria via a electrochemical gradient

ATP synthase is what type of protein?

Motor protein