Biology Lecture Notes on Organisms and Their Characteristics

Flashcards about the structure and characteristics of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other living organisms.

What are the structural differences between bacteria, fungi, and viruses concerning the presence of a cell wall, nucleus, and chloroplast?

Bacteria: Cell wall present, Nucleus absent, Chloroplast absent; Fungi: Cell wall present, Nucleus present, Chloroplast absent; Viruses: Cell wall absent, Nucleus absent, Chloroplast absent.

What features (Cell wall, Plasmid, Cytoplasm, Nucleus) are present or absent in bacteria, fungi, and protoctists?

Bacteria: Cell wall present, Plasmid present, Cytoplasm present, Nucleus absent; Fungi: Cell wall present, Plasmid absent, Cytoplasm present, Nucleus present; Protoctists: Cell wall present/absent, Plasmid absent, Cytoplasm present, Nucleus present.

Name another type of pathogen, besides bacteria, fungi, and protoctists.

Virus

Give an example of a disease caused by a protoctist.

Malaria

Which part of the yeast cell controls the movement of molecules into the cell?

B

Which part of the yeast cell contains DNA that controls the cell?

F

Which statements are correct for yeast? (can be used in the production of beer, contains chloroplasts, cell wall is made of chitin, can only reproduce inside living cells, contains plasmids)

Can be used in the production of beer; Cell wall is made of chitin.

Match the basic characteristics of living organisms with their correct descriptions.

Sensitivity - respond to the surroundings; Nutrition - taking in of food; Growth - increase in number of cells; Excretion - removal of metabolic waste; Reproduction - production of new organisms; Respiration - release of energy in cells.

What are the characteristic features (photosynthesis, cell wall, pathogenic) of bacteria, fungi, and viruses?

Bacteria: Can carry out photosynthesis - cross, Have a cell wall - tick, Can be pathogenic - tick; Fungi: Can carry out photosynthesis - cross, Have a cell wall - tick, Can be pathogenic - tick; Viruses: Can carry out photosynthesis - cross, Have a cell wall - cross, Can be pathogenic - tick.

Complete the table showing characteristics shared by most animals with missing characteristics and examples.

They require nutrition - eating food; they respire - releasing energy from carbohydrate; they move - some animals can fly; they maintain homeostasis - they control their internal conditions; they reproduce - increase of the population of foxes; they grow - increase in size.

Describe the sequence of events when a person withdraws their hand from a hot object.

A person touches a hot object. Sensory receptors in the skin detect the heat. Sensory neurons transmit a signal to the central nervous system (spinal cord/brain). The signal is processed, and a response is generated. Motor neurons transmit a signal to muscles in the hand. The muscles contract, causing the hand to withdraw from the hot object.