School of Athens Art Year 9

What is The School of Athens?

A fresco by Raphael (1509–1511) in the Vatican celebrating philosophy and Renaissance humanism.

How does Raphael use perspective?

One-point perspective draws focus to Plato and Aristotle in the center.

What role does architecture play?

Roman arches and domes create depth and reflect classical ideals.

What is the main philosophical divide?

Plato's side = idealism; Aristotle's side = realism and science.

How are Plato and Aristotle shown?

Plato points up (spiritual); Aristotle gestures down (earthly reason).

Who’s on Plato’s side (left)?

Socrates (dialogue), Pythagoras (math/music), Hypatia (female intellect).

Who’s on Aristotle’s side (right)?

Euclid (geometry), Ptolemy (astronomy), Raphael (self-portrait), Diogenes (outsider).

Who is Heraclitus in the painting?

A solitary figure modeled after Michelangelo, bridging both sides.

How are form, colour, and texture used?

Realistic bodies, warm/cool tones for depth, rough texture vs. glowing figures = enlightenment.

What’s the size and message?

5.5 x 7.7 m. Message: Truth comes through shared human learning and dialogue.

Who was Raphael?

Italian High Renaissance artist (1483–1520), known for harmony and ideal beauty.

What influenced Raphael’s work?

Renaissance rebirth of classical learning, humanism, and religious themes.

Why is Raphael important?

His balanced, graceful style influenced Western art for centuries.