Stages of learning

What did Fitts and Posner propose about the theories of learning

they proposed that learners go through 3 phases of learning their skills to develop.

What is the 1st phase of learning

The cognitive stage

• used by novice performers

• helps with understanding sub-routines and explore the skill trying to perform the new movement

What is the short phase of learning

• trial and error process

• develops an early understanding of the parts of the skill

What is the 2nd phase of learning

• the practice and associative phase of learning

• the learner compares their current level of performance to a top player making them think about what they need to do to improve and develop their skills

What is the 3rd phase of learning

• autonomous stage of learning

• when the performers movements are perfected and automatic => the play doesn’t have to think about performing the skill

• they can concentrate on the finer details of the task

• the performance is completed with maximum efficiency

What is Bandura’s model of observational learning

Banduras observational model explains how new skills are learnt through 4 processes

1. Demonstration

2. Attention

3. Retention

4. Motor reproduction

5. Motivation

 

Behaviour is……….

 more likely to be repeated if it is reinforced with success particularly if it is a powerful image performed by a significant other/role model

What is the attention part of the process

 the learner must be attracted to the demonstration, cues should be used to highlight key points

What is the retention part of the process

the performer has accepted a new skill the coach must make sure that it is stored

=> the information should be broken down into small chunks so that it can be processed by the short term memory

=> ensures the skill is learnt properly

What is the motor reproduction part of the process

the coach needs to make sure that the player has the necessary coordination and power in the arms and shoulders to make the pass

What is the motivation part of the process

more likely to continue to practice if they are motivated => can be motivated with positive reinforcement in the form of feedback or rewards

• Most governing bodies have an award scheme for young players who can successfully demonstrate a skill