aphug crap

density

The number of things.(example; People, animals, or objects in a specific area.

Pattern

How things are arranged in a particular space.

Environmental Determinism

A theory that argues that human behavior is largely controlled by the physical environment

Possibilism

A theory that argues humans have more agency or ability to produce a result.

cognitivity active node of travel

walking, running, swimming, etc

cognitively passive modes of travel

driving, flying, trains, etc

Cognitive/mental map

Maps we keep in our heads

Absolute location

Exact location of a place using latitude or longitude

Relative location

A place in relation to another (giving directions)

Absolute distance

Measures distance in miles/kilometers

Relative distance

measures distance by time

Latitude

Horizontal lines that determine climate

Longitude

Vertical lines (meridians) measures time 1 hr= 15 deg

Time zones

london is base subtract west from london and add east

isoline maps

uses lines to connect equal areas

Dot maps

Dots represent a constant variable

Graduated symbol

circles of varying sizes

Chloropleth maps

using color shades (darker colors=more)

Tibker’s 1st law of geography

Everything is related to one another but closer things are more related

time space compression

places growing close because of new advancements.

distance decay

greater distance= less interaction

GIS (Geographic Information system)

software that collects, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data

GPS (Global positioning system)

determines absolute location (longitude and latitude)

Remote sensing

data gathered by satellites

reference map

simple maps showing physical features

Thematic map

Maps centered around a certain theme

region

area of earths surface with certain characteristics that distinguish them from other places.

functional “nodal” Region

region connecting an activity with a node

Vernacular (Perceptual) Region

regions that are different for different people.

formal region

well-defined areas that share a common attribute such as language, culture, religion, or economic activity.

Perceptual region

same thing as vernacular

uniform region

same as formal

Geographic scale

Large scale and small scale

small scale map

show less detail and more territory

large scale map

more detail less territory

Scales of analysis

A hierarchy of space (global, regional, national, local)

relocation diffusion

the spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another and strongest point is not hearth.

expanison diffusion

diffusion outwards from a source but strongest point is still hearth

Contagious diffusion

a rapid, wavelike spread of a phenomenon from person to person contact where almost everyone is affected.

Stimulus diffusion

The original idea is altered to fit an area

demographic transition model

shows how population of a country changes over time as it transitions from an agatarian to an industrial to a post industrial society

ecumene

the permanently inhabitable land on earth

arithmetic density

Arithmetic density is the total population of an area divided by the total land area. It helps measure population concentration in a given area. not reliable bc it includes non arable land.

physiological density

total population/total arable land

agricultural density

total farmers/arable land (more farmers=poorer country)

World’s 4 population clusters

East Asia (China), South Asia (India and Indonesia), Southeast Asia, and Europe

dependency ratio

ratio between workers (16-64) to dependents (0-15) and retired (65-?)

cohorts

age brackets (generations)

Population pyramids

males on left women on right

Crude Birth Rate

total # of births per 1,000

Crude Death Rate

total # of deaths per 1,000

infant mortality rate

total # of babies under 1 that die

Child mortality rate

total # of kids that die between 1-5

Rate of natural increase

births-deaths

doubling time

number of years to double a population (70/RNI)

when was the demographic transition model established

1929 by Warren Thompson

Dr.John Snow

the father of modern epidemiology (found cholera)

epidemic

local or regional outbreak

pandemic

global outbreak

epidemiologic transition model

focuses on crude death rate

stage 1 and 2 epidemiologic model

infectious diseases

stage 3,4,5 epudemiologic model

chronic diseases

Total fertility rate

average # of kids a women will have

Best # of kids for a woman in the US

2.1

Anti-natalist

solution to overpopulation where gov restricts childbirth

pro-natalist

problem is underpopulation where gov encourages babies through incentives

malthusian theory

predicts overpopulation, too many people not enough food

boserupian theory

starvation motivates people improve food production and farm technology.

migration

movement of people from a place of origin to another

interregional migration

within a country

international migration

country to country

emigration

moving away from a place

immigration

moving into a place

net migration

difference between immigration and emigration

push factors

negative conditions that make people leave

pull factors

postitive reasons that attract people to a place

intervening obstacles

negative circumstances that hinder migration

intervening opportunities

positive circumstances that hinder migration

Internally displaced persons

migrants forced from their homes due to political reasons but hasn’t crossed any borders

asylum speakers

migrant inside a foregin country seeking safety and.a better life

forced migration

migrants that have no choice but to leave

chain migration

family based migration

step migration

migrants move to a place in steps

brain drain

emigration of highly skilled or educated

guest workers

send remittances back home

migration transition model

migration changes as a result of industrialization

Stage 2 and 3 migration transition model

high population and limited jobs result in emigration

stage 4 and 5

low and older population needs guest workers

xenophobia

fear of foreigners

Nativism

Policy of protecting citizens and excluding immigrating

Chinese exclusion act 1882

bars Chinese immigrants

Immigration act of 1924

favors europeans

Immigration and nationality act of 1965

favors families and skilled migrants

acculturation

one culture dominates another

assimilation

loss of ones culture

transculturation

equality of cultures

gravity model

predicts movement

gravity model equation

population#1xpopulation#2/distance

culture

the shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society

culture trait

a single attribute of culture such as food, architecture, or land use