Scientific Process

Flashcards related to the scientific process and chemistry of life, including definitions of essential terms and concepts.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic process for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.

What is a hypothesis?

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested through experimentation.

What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

The independent variable is manipulated in an experiment, while the dependent variable is measured and affected by the independent variable.

What does the term 'control' refer to in an experiment?

The standard in an experiment against which the effects of the independent variable are measured.

What is the purpose of using a graph in scientific reporting?

To visually display data and trends, making it easier to interpret results.

What is meant by 'accuracy' in scientific measurements?

The degree to which a measurement matches the true value.

Define 'precision' in the context of scientific measurements.

The consistency or repeatability of measurements.

What is 'deductive reasoning'?

A logical process in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented.

What is 'inductive reasoning'?

A logical process that involves looking at specific instances to form a general conclusion.

What is the mean in a data set?

The average value of a group of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of the values by the count of the values.

What is the median in a data set?

The middle value when the numbers are arranged in order.

What is the function of a model in scientific research?

A simplified representation of a system used to explain or predict its behavior.

What does 'observation' refer to in the scientific process?

The act of noting and recording something with instruments or through the senses.

Define 'prediction' in the context of the scientific process.

A statement about what will happen in the future based on observations and hypotheses.

What does 'trend' refer to in scientific data?

The general direction in which something is developing or changing.

What is meant by 'constant' in an experiment?

A factor that remains unchanged throughout the experiment to ensure that the results are valid.

What is the purpose of the Chi-square test?

To determine whether there is a significant difference between observed and expected frequencies in categorical data.

What is a variable in a scientific experiment?

Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

What is a rate in scientific terms?

A measure of the frequency of an event occurring in a specified time period.

What is a table used for in scientific reporting?

To organize and present data in a structured format that allows for easy comparison across different variables.