01H1: Foundations of Philippine History

Pre-colonial Filipino

What societies were organized into barangays, small independent settlements led by a datu?

1. Maginoo (Nobility)

2. Timawa (Freemen)

3. Alipin (Dependents/Servants)

What are three-tier social structure of the pre-colonial Philippines?

Maginoo (Nobility)

What was the highest social class or also known as the ruling class in the pre-colonial Philippines?

• Datus

• Rajahs

• Sultans

• And their families

What does Maginoo includes?

• Political

• Economic

• Military

What power does Maginoo have over their barangays?

Datus

Who led the Maginoo, governing through alliances and warfare?

Maginoo (Nobility)

What do you call the land owners, those who have exemption to do manual labor and wore fine clothing?

Indian and Malay cultures

What influenced the pre-colonial Philippines’ governance system?

Principalia (the local elite)

After the Spanish colonization, where does Maginoo became part of?

Maginoo (Nobility)

Who are these that legacies’ remain in Filipino culture? Especially in family lineages.

Timawa (Freemen)

Who were the free commoners in the pre-colonial Philippines?

Timawa (Freemen)

Who are they that are below Maginoo but above Alipin?

• Agriculture

• Trade

• Welfare

Where does Timawas played essential roles in?

• Could own land

• Can run business

• Participate to community decisions

What are things a Timawa could also do?

• Farmers

• Fishermen

• Traders

• Warriors

Who includes the Timawas?

Warriors

In the pre-colonial Philippines, who served the Datus and shared war spoils?

Social mobility

What do Timawas need in order to rank up as Maginoo?

• Barangay’s economy

• Military strength

Where does Timawa is crucial for?

Alipin (Dependants/Servants)

What is the lowest class in pre-colonial Philippines?

Alipin (Dependants/Servants)

Who are the like debt-bonded workers?

• Aliping Namamahay

• Aliping Sagigilid

What are two types of Alipin?

Aliping Namamahay

Who lived independently, worked for masters, and couldn’t be sold?

Aliping Sagigilid

Who lived with masters, and had fewer rights—often due to debt, punishment, or war?

Alipin (Dependants/Servants)

Who could earn money, buy freedom and move up socially?

Alipin (Dependants/Servants)

Who played a vital role in the economy, and many joined the Spanish encomienda system?

The Spanish Encomienda System

It is where Spanish adventurers and settlers were granted the legal right to extract forced labour from indigenous tribal chiefs.

• Agriculture

• Fishing and Hunting

• Weaving and Pottery

• Trade

For economic activities, what are the indigenous people engaged in?

Agriculture

Cultivating rice, root crops, and fruits.

Fishing and Hunting

Using traditional tools like bows and spears.

Weaving and Pottery

Producing textiles and ceramic wares.

Trade

Establishing trade routes with China, India, and neighboring Southeast Asian polities.

• Animism

• Believing in nature spirits

• Ancestral worship

When it comes to religious beliefs and practices, what are things that pre-colonial Filipinos practiced?

Shamans or babaylan

Who performed rituals and healing ceremonies?

Monotheism

What does Islam introduced when they arrived in Mindanao in the 14th century that impacts local politics?