3006PSY Module 9

objective measures

administered online / paper and pencil containing questions where the assessee selects one of the provided answers (eg MMPI-2)

projective measures

indirect methods of personality assessment

projective hypothesis

the suggestion that people respond to unrelated stimuli in ways that give information about their personality

rorschach inkblot test

ppt is presented with 10 bilaterally symmetrical inknblots on separate cards

percept phase of the inkblot test

asks ppt what they see in the picture

inquiry phase of the inkblot test

ask ppt what makes them see what theyre seeing in the picture

testing the limits phase of the inkblot test

ask ppt what specific part of the inkblot made them see what they saw

location (inkblot)

what part of the inkblot determined the response

determinents (inkblot)

what qualities of the inkblot determined the response

content (inkblot)

what the person sees

popularity (inkblot)

how common the persons response is

thermatic apperceptive test (TAT)

ppt presented with 30 picture cards with various scenes presented on them and 1 blank card and asked to describe what is happening in these scenes

needs

internal determinents of behaviour

press

environmental determinents of behaviour

thema

interaction between press and needs

hands test

ppt presented with 9 images of hands and 1 blank card and asked to describe what theyre doing

rosenzweig picture-frsutration study

ppt fill in the blanks of speech bubbles in illustrated scenes of frustrating situations and asked about their response

word association test (WAT)

ppt responds with whatever comes to mind after being presented with a target word

verbal summator test

like an auditory inkblot test where the ppt is presented with mumbling audio that theyre asked to decipher

figure drawing test

ppt produces a drawing that is analysed on the basis of its content and related variables (eg draw a person test, house-tree-person test, kinetic family drawing)

behavioural measures

emphasise what a person does in situations rather than inferences about their attributes

behavioural observation

researcher watches the activities of the client and records these

behavioural rating scale

researcher notes the presence or intensity of certain behaviours on a pre-printed sheet (eg ticking boxes)

self-monitoring

systematically observing / recording ones own behaviour

analogue behavioural observations

observation of a client in an environment designed to elicit the target behaviour to be observed by the researcher

situational performance measure

observation / evaluation of an individual under a standard set of circumstances

psychophysiological measures

use of psychological indicies in psychological assessment; including biofeedback, plethysmographic, and polygraphic measures

biofeedback

the guaging, display, and recording of specific biological processes

plethysmographic measures

record changes in volume of certain body parts due to changes in blood supply

structured measures

another term for objective measures that tap into more conscious aspects of personality

unstructured measures

another term for subjective measures that tap into more unconscious aspects of personality

contrast effect

occurs when behavioural measures are excessively positive or negative due to a prior rating (can use a composite judgement to counteract this)

composite judgement

using an average of multiple judgements

reactivity effect

the finding that people act differently in observed versus natural environments

hawthorne effect

the finding that ppt improve / modify their behaviour because they know theyre being studied

clinical approach

using diagnostic judgements and interviews on the basis of little information

actuarial approach

heavily relying on standardisations, norms, procedures, etc to formulate rules for decision making / predictions