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Flashcard set covers all key tenses with definitions, examples, and common mistakes for b1 level
When do we use the Present Simple?
For facts, routines, and general truths. (The sun rises in the east.) It is also used for scheduled events in the near future.
How do you form the Present Continuous?
am/is/are + verb-ing (e.g., I am studying now.) It describes actions happening at the moment.
What is the difference between Present Simple and Present Continuous?
Present Simple = habits/general facts. (I play tennis.) Present Continuous = happening now or temporary. (I am playing tennis now.)
How do you form the Present Perfect?
have/has + past participle (e.g., She has visited Paris.)
past participle
the form of a verb typically used with "have" to indicate completed actions, often ending in -ed for regular verbs.
When do we use the Present Perfect?
For experiences, recent actions, and unfinished time periods. (I have never eaten sushi.)
What’s the difference between Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous?
Present Perfect focuses on the result (I have written a book.), while Present Perfect Continuous focuses on duration (I have been writing a book for two years.).
How do you form the Past Simple?
By adding -ed for regular verbs, or using the second form of irregular verbs.
When do we use the Past Simple?
For completed actions at a specific time. (I visited Rome last year.)
When do we use the Past Continuous?
or actions in progress at a specific past time or interrupted actions. (I was reading when she called.)
What’s the difference between Past Simple and Past Continuous?
Past Simple = completed action (I walked home). Past Continuous = ongoing action (I was walking home when it started raining).
How do you form the Past Perfect?
Use 'had' + past participle of the verb (I had finished).
When do we use the Past Perfect?
To show that one past action happened before another past action. (I had eaten before they arrived.)
What’s the difference between Past Simple and Past Perfect?
Past Simple = events in the past. (I ate dinner.) Past Perfect = something happened before another past event. (I had eaten before they arrived.)
How do you form the Past Perfect Continuous?
had been + verb-ing (e.g., He had been waiting for an hour.)
When do we use the Past Perfect Continuous?
To emphasize the duration of a past action before another event. (She had been studying for five hours before the test.)
How do you form the Future Simple?
will + base verb (e.g., I will travel to Spain.)
When do we use “will” vs. “going to” for the future?
Will is for spontaneous decisions/predictions. (I think it will rain.) Going to is for plans/intended actions. (I am going to visit Spain.)
How do you form the Future Continuous?
will be + verb-ing (e.g., I will be studying at 8 PM.)
When do we use the Future Continuous?
For actions in progress at a specific time in the future. (Tomorrow at 5 PM, I will be flying to Paris.)
How do you form the Future Perfect?
will have + past participle (e.g., I will have finished by tomorrow.)
When do we use the Future Perfect?
To describe something that will be completed before a certain future time. (By next year, I will have graduated.)
How do you form the Future Perfect Continuous?
will have been + verb-ing (e.g., By next year, I will have been working here for five years.)
When do we use the Future Perfect Continuous?
To emphasize the duration of an action before a specific time in the future. (By 6 PM, I will have been studying for five hours.)
