BSC2086L E.7 Respiratory System

Developed for the Broward College course BSC2086/L Anatomy and Physiology II.

frontal sinus

• A sinus within the frontal bone.

• Located superior to the nose.

nose

• The chamber that initially receives air from the exterior.

• Composed of bone and hyaline cartilage.

external nare

• An opening that air passes through to enter the nose.

• Also known as a nostril.

• Just before the vestibule.

vestibule

• The first chamber that air passes through to enter the nasal cavity.

• Just after the external nare.

• Just before the nasal conchae.

superior nasal concha

• The superior shelf-like structure in the nasal cavity.

• Just after the vestibule.

• Just before the internal nare.

middle nasal concha

• The middle shelf-like structure in the nasal cavity.

• Just after the vestibule.

• Just before the internal nare.

inferior nasal concha

• The inferior shelf-like structure in the nasal cavity.

• Just after the vestibule.

• Just before the internal nare.

superior meatus

The passage air flows through between the superior and middle conchae.

middle meatus

The passage air flows through between the middle and inferior conchae.

inferior meatus

The passage air flows through the inferior concha and the floor of the palate.

internal nare

• An opening that air passes through to enter the pharynx from the nasal cavity.

• Also known as a posterior nasal aperture.

• Just after the nasal conchae.

sphenoidal sinus

• A sinus within the sphenoid bone.

• Located superior to the internal nares.

pharynx

• Located posterior to the nasal cavity.

• Divided into three segments.

• Also known as the throat.

nasopharynx

• The superior segment of the pharynx.

• Above the level of the soft palate.

• Receives air from the nose by the internal nares.

pharyngeal tonsil

• One of the three main tonsils.

• Located on the superoposterior corner of the wall of the nasopharynx.

oropharynx

• The middle segment of the pharynx.

• Below the level of the soft palate and above the level of the hyoid bone.

• Receives food from the oral cavity.

uvula

• A soft extension of tissue.

• Found at the distal end of the soft palate.

palatine tonsil

• One of the three main tonsils.

• Located between the oral cavity and the oropharynx and just inferior to the uvula.

lingual tonsil

• One of the three main tonsils.

• Located at the base of the tongue.

laryngopharynx

• The inferior segment of the pharynx.

• Below the level of the hyoid bone.

• Extends downward to meet the larynx.

larynx

• The box-like organ connecting the laryngopharynx and the trachea.

• Also known as the voicebox.

vestibular folds

• The superior pair of folds lateral to the glottis in the larynx.

• Also known as false vocal cords.

vocal folds

• The inferior pair of folds lateral to the glottis in the larynx.

• Also known as true vocal cords.

epiglottis

• A single cartilage of the larynx.

• Functions as a flap that closes over the glottis during swallowing.

hyoid bone

• A bone located near the larynx.

• Anterior to the epiglottis.

thyrohyoid membrane

The membrane that connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone.

thyroid cartilage

• A single cartilage of the larynx.

• The largest cartilage of the larynx.

• Located on the anterior wall of the larynx.

• Inferior to the epiglottis and hyoid bon.

laryngeal prominence

• A prominence found on the thyroid cartilage of the larynx.

• Also known as the Adam’s apple.

cuneiform cartilage

• A paired cartilage of the larynx.

• Located on the posterior wall of the larynx.

• The superior posterior cartilage.

corniculate cartilage

• A paired cartilage of the larynx.

• Located on the posterior wall of the larynx.

• The middle posterior cartilage.

• Not shown in image.

arytenoid cartilage

• A paired cartilage of the larynx.

• Located on the posterior wall of the larynx.

• The inferior posterior cartilage.

• Mostly surrounds on the arytenoid muscle on its anterior surface.

arytenoid muscle

• A muscle encased by the arytenoid and cuneiform cartilages within the larynx.

• Not shown in image.

cricothyroid ligament

The ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage.

cricoid cartilage

• A single cartilage of the larynx.

• Inferior to the thyroid cartilage and superior to the tracheal cartilages.

trachea

• The tube-shaped organ carrying air between the larynx and bronchial tree.

• Located inferior to the larynx.

• Also known as the windpipe.

tracheal cartilage

• A C-shaped piece of a stack of cartilages running along the length of the trachea.

• The two ends of the cartilage are connected by the trachealis muscle.

carina

• The termination of the trachea.

• The trachea splits into primary bronchi at this point.

right primary bronchus

• The R. branch of the bronchial tree after the carina.

• Supplies the R. lung.

• Branches into three secondary bronchi.

• Also known as a main bronchus.

left primary bronchus

• The L. branch of the bronchial tree after the carina.

• Supplies the L. lung.

• Branches into two secondary bronchi.

• Also known as a main bronchus.

secondary bronchi

• Smaller branches of a primary bronchus.

• Supplies each lobe of a lung.

• Branches into tertiary bronchi.

• Also known as lobar bronchi.

tertiary bronchi

• Smaller branches of a secondary bronchus.

• Supplies bronchopulmonary segments of a lobe.

• Branches into bronchioles.

• Also known as segmental bronchi.

bronchioles

• Smaller branches of a tertiary bronchus.

• Supplies lobules of bronchopulmonary segments.

• Branches into terminal bronchioles.

• Not shown in image.

terminal bronchioles

• Smaller branches of a bronchiole.

• Branches into respiratory bronchioles.

• Not shown in image.

respiratory bronchioles

• Smaller branches of a terminal bronchiole.

• Branches into alveolar ducts.

• Not shown in image.

alveolar ducts

• Smaller branches of a respiratory bronchiole.

• Leads into alveolar sacs.

• Not shown in image.

alveolar sac

• Clusters of alveoli.

• Led into by the alveolar ducts.

alveoli

• Where respiration occurs in the lungs.

• Budded on alveolar sacs.

right lung

• The R. principal respiratory organ of the thoracic cavity.

• Divided into three lobes.

left lung

• The L. principal respiratory organ of the thoracic cavity.

• Divided into two lobes.

superior lobe

The uppermost lobe of the R. and L. lungs.

middle lobe

The middlemost lobe of the R. lung.

inferior lobe

The bottommost lobe of the R. and L. lungs.

horizontal fissure

Separates the superior and middle lobes of the R. lung.

oblique fissure

• Separates the middle and inferior lobes of the R. lung.

• Separates the superior and inferior lobes of the L. lung.

apex

The rounded superior portion of the R. and L. lungs.

base

The broad inferior portion of the R. and L. lungs.

cardiac impression

The concave surface of the L. lung that accommodates the apex of the heart.

root

• The common passage of bronchi, bronchial veins and arteries, and lymphatic vessels on the medial side of the R. and L. lungs.

• Not shown in image.

hilum

• The area of the R. and L. lungs surrounding their roots.

• Not shown in image.