Chapter 50 Wilkins: The Patient with a Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Intellectual disorder is characterized by which of the following?

a) Impairment in verbal skills and social interaction

b) Normal intellectual functioning

c) Significant limitations in adaptive behavior

d) Origination after age 21

c

A patient with an IQ of 40 has what level of intellectual disorder?

a) Mild

b) Moderate

c) Severe

d) Profound

b

All of the following are risk factors for intellectual disorder, except:

a) chromosomal disorders.

b) lack of access to prenatal care.

c) parental drug use.

d) traumatic brain injury.

e) early diagnosis.

e

Prenatal alcohol is what type etiology for intellectual disorder?

a) Genetic

b) Nongenetic

c) Unknown

d) All of these are correct.

b

Factors effective in the control of dental caries in patients with intellectual disorder:

a) do not work as well as in the general population.

b) are drastically different than in the general population.

c) are the same as in the general population.

d) cannot be taught in the same ways.

c

A collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills needed to function in everyday life is referred to as:

a) intellectual ability.

b) adaptive behavior.

c) intelligence quotient.

d) context dimension.

b

Which of the following oral features are frequently associated with Down syndrome?

a) Deeply fissured tongue, mouth breathing, thickened lips

b) Angle's Class II occlusion, macrodontia, narrow palate

c) Gingivitis, supernumerary teeth, microglossia

d) Atrophic lips, drooling, linear gingival erythema

a

Which of the following best describes autism spectrum disorder?

a) Developmental disability affecting verbal and nonverbal communications

b) Restricted interest and activities

c) Lack of spontaneous behaviors and avoidance of emotional interaction

d) Developmental disability usually diagnosed later in life

a

In which of the following groups does autism spectrum disorder occur more frequently?

a) Higher socioeconomic groups

b) Hispanic populations

c) Males

d) Females

c

An adult who can conform to a daily routine, do small household tasks, but is likely to be in need of supervised support has what level of intellectual disorder?

a) Mild

b) Moderate

c) Severe

d) Profound

c

Another term for Down syndrome is:

a) epicanthus.

b) disomy 15.

c) autism.

d) trisomy 21.

d

Periodontal conditions are less severe in people with Down syndrome because of altered immune response.

a) The statement is true but the reason is false.

b) The statement is true and the reason is true.

c) The statement is false but the reason is true.

d) The statement is false and the reason is false.

c

Which of the following is a characteristic of autism?

a) Often uses facial gesture and expressions

b) Lack of social or emotional reciprocity

c) Strong peer relationships

d) Overly verbal

b

About 1 in __________ children are identified with ASD.

a) 36

b) 46

c) 53

d) 68

a

The purpose of cognitive-behavioral therapy for people with autism is:

a) to trust only their caregiver.

b) to respond to everyday stimuli with minimal aggression.

c) to reduce self-injury to only occasional inflictions.

d) to lead more normal lives by decreasing anxiety.

d

__________ is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and occurs in 1 in 5,000 males.

a) DS

b) Autism

c) Fragile X

d) None of these are correct.

c

Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of fragile X syndrome?

a) Prominent forehead

b) Round wide face

c) Protruding ears

d) Hyperflexibility

b

John, a 13-year-old male, presents to the dental office for the first time. John comes with his mother and a caregiver. John's medical history indicates that he has autism and is nonverbal. The dental hygienist completes initial assessments and notes that John has moderate gingivitis and has heavy biofilm accumulation on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Tooth #7 is congenitally missing. John has eight carious lesions. His caregiver reports that his favorite food is gummy bears and that they are often used as a reward when he behaves well. When questioned about fluoride use, his mother reports that they drink the city water, which is optimally fluoridated. Which of the following is an oral manifestation of autism?

a) Severe gingivitis

b) Congenitally missing teeth

c) Mouth breathing

d) There are no oral manifestations of autism.

d

John, a 13-year-old male, presents to the dental office for the first time. John comes with his mother and a caregiver. John's medical history indicates that he has autism and is nonverbal. The dental hygienist completes initial assessments and notes that John has moderate gingivitis and has heavy biofilm accumulation on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Tooth #7 is congenitally missing. John has eight carious lesions. His caregiver reports that his favorite food is gummy bears and that they are often used as a reward when he behaves well. When questioned about fluoride use, his mother reports that they drink the city water, which is optimally fluoridated. The high rate of decay that John has is most likely related to what?

a) The fact that he has autism

b) Lack of fluoride

c) The sweet foods given as a reward for behavior

d) Absence of verbal communication

c

John, a 13-year-old male, presents to the dental office for the first time. John comes with his mother and a caregiver. John's medical history indicates that he has autism and is nonverbal. The dental hygienist completes initial assessments and notes that John has moderate gingivitis and has heavy biofilm accumulation on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Tooth #7 is congenitally missing. John has eight carious lesions. His caregiver reports that his favorite food is gummy bears and that they are often used as a reward when he behaves well. When questioned about fluoride use, his mother reports that they drink the city water, which is optimally fluoridated. In order to have the most success during this appointment and future appointments, the dental hygienist should do what?

a) Provide a predictable and consistent experience.

b) Turn off all lights in the room.

c) Schedule more frequent visits.

d) Require that a parent be present during the appointment.

a

John, a 13-year-old male, presents to the dental office for the first time. John comes with his mother and a caregiver. John's medical history indicates that he has autism and is nonverbal. The dental hygienist completes initial assessments and notes that John has moderate gingivitis and has heavy biofilm accumulation on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Tooth #7 is congenitally missing. John has eight carious lesions. His caregiver reports that his favorite food is gummy bears and that they are often used as a reward when he behaves well. When questioned about fluoride use, his mother reports that they drink the city water, which is optimally fluoridated. What technique should be used to show John and his caregiver how to reach the posterior teeth?

a) Verbal explanation

b) Repetitive tell-show-do

c) Instructions on a video

d) A pamphlet with detailed instructions

b

John, a 13-year-old male, presents to the dental office for the first time. John comes with his mother and a caregiver. John's medical history indicates that he has autism and is nonverbal. The dental hygienist completes initial assessments and notes that John has moderate gingivitis and has heavy biofilm accumulation on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Tooth #7 is congenitally missing. John has eight carious lesions. His caregiver reports that his favorite food is gummy bears and that they are often used as a reward when he behaves well. When questioned about fluoride use, his mother reports that they drink the city water, which is optimally fluoridated. Which of the following is a pharmacologic treatment for autism?

a) Lipitor

b) Applied behavior analysis

c) Risperidone

d) Speech therapy

c