TEXTILES EXAM 2

Spinneret

the device with tiny holes that the liquid is pushed through to form fibers, and changing those holes changes the fiber’s size and performance.

Yarn

A continuous strand of fibres or materials suitable for knitting, weaving, or manipulating to form fabric

Simple Yarn

the most basic type of yarn made from fibers twisted together.

Spiral Yarn

made by twisting two yarns together in a special way so that one yarn wraps around the other in a spiral

Chenille Yarn

a soft, fuzzy yarn that looks and feels like a caterpillar

Rope

a very strong, thick yarn made by twisting or braiding many yarns or fibers together.

HWM

High Wet Modulus - strong rayon that can handle water without falling apart

Selvage

The finished edges of a woven fabric

Floats

When a yarn crosses over more than one yarn at a time

Leno

A pair of warp threads cross over one weft thread (a weave in which two warp yarns are woven around the weft yarns to provide a strong yet sheer fabric)

Microfibers

a type of super tiny, super thin fiber used to make yarns and fabrics

• Softer/silk-like

• More drapeable

• Water repellent

• Comfortable

Fabric

when fibers or yarns are put together to make a material that can be used for clothes, curtains, or other things.

Ply Yarn

twisting two or more simple yarns together to make a thicker and stronger yarn.

Ratine’ Yarn

a type of fancy or textured yarn that looks bumpy or curly

Composite Yarn

made by combining two or more different types of fibers or yarns so it has special properties.

Warp

the vertical/lengthwise threads in woven fabric

• Low elongation

• Higher twist

• Smaller size

• More regular structure/appearance

• Less fabric crimp

Glazing

a finishing process that makes fabric shiny and smooth

Bow

When the wrap and weft threads are NOT at a 90 degree angle

• The threads curve in rows (like a little wave across the fabric).

Balance

the ratio of warp yarns to weft (filling) yarns such as 1:1 (balanced or 2:1 (unbalanced)

Pile

the raised surface or loops of yarn on a fabric that make it feel soft, fluffy, or textured.

Nanofiber

a super tiny fiber that’s much thinner than a human hair—even smaller than a microfiber.

• Enhance mechanical/electrical properties

• Flexible surface

• Biocompatibility

Fabrication

Describes the structure of a fabric (woven, knit, non-woven, etc.)

Fancy Yarn

a yarn made to look interesting or decorative, instead of just being plain and smooth.

Knot Yarn

yarn with little knots along it → makes fabric look and feel textured

Covered Yarn

a type of yarn made by wrapping one yarn around another

Weft or Filling

yarns that are woven into the warp yarns to create the fabric

Heat Setting

a process where fabric or yarn is treated with heat to make it keep its shape.

Skew

When the wrap and weft threads are NOT at a 90 degree angle

• The threads slant diagonally, so the fabric is tilted like a slanted grid

Fabric Weight

How much a fabric weighs for a given length of fabric. Helps describe appropriate end-uses

Ribs

raised lines or ridges in the fabric that you can see and fee

Cross-dyeable

allows fibers to be easily dyed later using a variety of different dyes for more variations

Spun Yarns

yarns made by twisting short fibers together to form a continuous thread.

Tweed Yarn

yarn with little colored specks → makes fabric look textured and colorful

Boucle’ Yarn

a type of fancy yarn that has loops along its length, making it look bumpy and textured.

Core-Spun Yarn

a type of yarn made by wrapping fibers around a strong central core

TPI

stands for Turns Per Inch, and it tells us how many times the fibers or yarns are twisted in one inch

Colorfastness

how well a fabric keeps its color when it’s washed, rubbed, exposed to light, or worn.

Interlacings

are the points where the warp and weft threads cross over each other in woven fabric.

Dobby

a type of weaving pattern used to make fabric with small, geometric designs.

Slippage

happens when filament yarns pulley to the side in ribbed fabrics exposing openings or other yarns normally covered

Crimp

the tiny waves, bends, or twists in a fiber, yarn, or fabric

• Fiber Crimp: Indicates waves, bends, coils, or curls along the length of a FIBER

• Fabric Crimp: Indicates bends in YARNS as a result of weaving or knitting

Filament Yarn

a type of yarn made from long, continuous fibers instead of short ones.

Slub Yarn

a type of fancy yarn that has thicker, uneven sections along its length, giving the fabric a textured look.

Metallic yarn

a type of decorative yarn that has a shiny, metal-like appearance

Cord

a thick, strong yarn or rope made by twisting two or more yarns together.

Wale

a vertical column of loops in knitted fabric

Loom

a machine or frame used to weave threads into fabric

Fabric Grains

describes the relative position of the warp threads in relation to the weft threads and shows the direction of the threads in the fabric.

Jacquard

a type of woven fabric that has intricate patterns built directly into it (Large-figured elaborate woven designs)

Technical Face

the “front” side of the fabric as made → shows the main design or pattern