ACT English crap

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Independent vs Dependent Clauses

Independent vs Dependent Clauses

Independent clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence, while a dependent clause cannot

Independent clause contains a subject+verb and expresses a complete thought

Comma Rule #1

Commas are used before a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) when joining two independent clauses

Ex: He walked down the street, and then he turned the corner.

Comma Rule #2

Use a comma after an introductory clause or phrase.

When Jim studied in the library for his chemistry quiz, it was very quiet.

Comma Rule #3

Use commas to separate words and word groups in a simple series of three or more items.

Ex: We had coffee, cheese, crackers, and grapes.

Comma Rule #4

Use a comma to separate two adjectives when the adjectives are interchangeable.

Ex: It was a vibrant, massive painting.

Also

It was a massive, vibrant painting.

Comma Rule #5

Use commas to set off nonessential parts of the sentence.

Ex: The woman, knowing it was late, hurried home.

It’s

It is

Its

Possessive form of it

Colon

Use a colon after an independent clause when it is followed by a list, a quotation, appositive, or directly explains the independent clause.

Ex: The vote was unanimous: the older candidate had won.

Semicolon

Use a semicolon to join 2 independent clauses when the second clause restates the first or when the two clauses are of equal emphasis.

Ex: I’m not sure how to get there; let’s get directions.

Semicolon Rule #2

Use a semicolon to join 2 independent clauses when the second clause begins with a conjunctive adverb (however, therefore, etc.) or a transition (in fact, for example, etc.).

Ex: The basement is scary; thus, I do not go down there alone.

Dashes

Dashes are used to set off or emphasize the content enclosed within dashes or the content that follows a dash. Dashes place more emphasis on the content than parentheses do.

Ex: Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher immediately recalled the books.

Subject Pronouns

I, you, he, she, it, we, and they

Object Prouns

Me, you, him, her, it, us, and them

That vs Who

Who is the pronoun for a person or people, and that is the pronoun for everything else.

Subject

Noun that “does” the verb

Might have vs Might of

Might have is always correct

Misplaced Modifiers

A misplaced modifier that’s not close enough to the thing it describes, so it looks like it’s describing the wrong thing.

Error: The jacket was too small on the sale rack.

Corrected: The jacket on the sales rack was too small.