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41 Terms
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General Purpose Medium or General Medium
Nutrient Agar
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Enrichment Medium
Blood Agar
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Enrichment Medium
Chocolate Agar
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Differential Medium
Mac Conkey Agar
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Differential Medium
TSI (Triple Iron Sugar Iron Agar)
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Differential Medium
Hugh and Liefson Medium for Oxidation/Fermentation (O/F TEST)
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DNA Agar plate
Used to see if the organism has the ability to produce the exoenzyme deoxyribosenuclease. To cleave DNA
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Mannitol salt agar
selective and differential medium in the isolation of staphylococci. It contains 7.5% sodium chloride and selects for those bacteria which can tolerate high salt concentrations. MSA also distinguishes bacteria based on the ability to ferment the sugar mannitol
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Mac Conkey Agar
Used to differentiate gram negative bacteria that can ferment lactose
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Gamma Reaction
The blood cells are not lysed and there isnt a change in agar colour.
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Alpha Reaction
The blood cells are partially lysed and have a green hue to the colonies. This indicates that iron is left behind.
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Beta Reaction
Complete absorbance of the blood cellls and a halo is seen around the colonies. This means the bactiera is capable of heamolysis.
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TSI (Triple Sugar Iron Agar)
Used to differentiate enteric bacteria depending on the ability to ferment lactose, sucrose and glucose.
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Hugh and Leifson Medium (O/F)
Test to see whether glucose is metabolized by oxidation and fermentation.
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O/F Colour for oxidation Closed tube
Green
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O/F Colour for oxidation open tube
Yellow
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O/F Colour for fermenting sealed and open tube
Yellow
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No action of glucose for O/F
Green
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Braid Parker OF medium
A moderately selective and differential medium for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in foods, environmental, and clinical specimens
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A positive reaction will show dark colonies with a clear halo around the colonies
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A positive reaction will show dark colonies with a clear halo around the colonies
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Trehalose broth
sugar that some bacteria can use because of an enzyme that begins the breakdown of this compound.
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Phenol red is used to determine whether the microbe can use the sugar trehalose for carbon and energy.
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A positive reaction would indicate the colour change to yellow
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Phenol red is used to determine whether the microbe can use the sugar trehalose for carbon and energy.
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A positive reaction would indicate the colour change to yellow
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Ornthine decarboxylase medium
To see if the microbe can use the amino acid ornithine as a source of carbon and energy for growth.
Use of ornithine is accomplished by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
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If colour goes to yellow the glucose can be made but if goes to purple then this means the enzyme can be used.
Use of ornithine is accomplished by the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.
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If colour goes to yellow the glucose can be made but if goes to purple then this means the enzyme can be used.
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Bile Aesculin medium
Selective and differential
Bile salts prevent the growth of gram positive bacteria that is not Strep group D and enterococci .
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A positive reaction will indicate dark brown deposists on the agar plate.
Bile salts prevent the growth of gram positive bacteria that is not Strep group D and enterococci .
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A positive reaction will indicate dark brown deposists on the agar plate.
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6\.5% salt Broth
Indication if the microbe can grow in high salt environments.
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Streptococcal grouping kit
A latex agglutination kit that indentifies the strep bacteria by the antigens on the bacteria, in the presence of the antigens the latex molecules will agglutinate indicating the identification of Strep molecules.
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CAMP test
This is done on Blood agar medium and is used to identify the different beta heamolytic Strep species.
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This is done by streaking a line of Staph and then streaking the Strep species perpendicular to the Staph streak.
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A positive reaction will show a arrowhead zone indicating enhanced heamolysis by the Strep species.
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This is done by streaking a line of Staph and then streaking the Strep species perpendicular to the Staph streak.
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A positive reaction will show a arrowhead zone indicating enhanced heamolysis by the Strep species.
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Optochin Susceptibility test
This is an antibiotic susceptibility test used to see if the bacteria has a susceptibility to Optochin
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A positive reaction will indicate a zone of inhibition around the Optochin disk.
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This is done on blood agar plates.
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A positive reaction will indicate a zone of inhibition around the Optochin disk.
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This is done on blood agar plates.
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XLD Agar
isolate the species of shigella and salmonella
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Selective and differential medium
Selective as it inhibts for gram positive bacteria and allows the growth of gram neg
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Fermentation of the sugars xylose and lactose will show YELLOW colonies
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hs2 PRODUCTION shows black colonies
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Selective and differential medium
Selective as it inhibts for gram positive bacteria and allows the growth of gram neg
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Fermentation of the sugars xylose and lactose will show YELLOW colonies
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hs2 PRODUCTION shows black colonies
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EMB Media
Selective and differential medium
Selective as it inhibts for gram positive bacteria and allows the growth of gram NEG
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Lactose ferment - green metallic sheen
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Non-Lactose ferment - Colourless colonies
Selective as it inhibts for gram positive bacteria and allows the growth of gram NEG
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Lactose ferment - green metallic sheen
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Non-Lactose ferment - Colourless colonies
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Hektoen Enteric Agar
Selective and differential medium
Selective as it inhibts for gram positive bacteria and allows the growth of gram NEG
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Fermentation (lactose, sucrose and salicin) indication of acid production so Yellow colonies
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Peptone (carbon source) = Alkaline = Blue/green colonies
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Hydrogen sulfide production (sodium thiosulphate and iron citrate) = Black colonies
Selective as it inhibts for gram positive bacteria and allows the growth of gram NEG
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Fermentation (lactose, sucrose and salicin) indication of acid production so Yellow colonies
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Peptone (carbon source) = Alkaline = Blue/green colonies
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Hydrogen sulfide production (sodium thiosulphate and iron citrate) = Black colonies
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Urea Broth
If M.O hydrolysing urea to produce ammonia & carbon dioxide = Alkaline = Pink
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ONPG Broth
ONPG test is used to detect the enzyme βgalactosidase production.
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late lactose fermenters & non-lactose fermenters = colorless colonies on MacConkey agar.
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Positive result will change colour to yellow
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late lactose fermenters & non-lactose fermenters = colorless colonies on MacConkey agar.
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Positive result will change colour to yellow
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Fermentation of lactose depends on two enzymes:
• Permease • Beta-galactosidase
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Permease allows lactose to enter the bacterial cell wall, where it is then broken down into glucose and galactose by betagalactosidase
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Permease allows lactose to enter the bacterial cell wall, where it is then broken down into glucose and galactose by betagalactosidase
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Indole media
To detect the ability of organism to produce enzyme tryptophanase.
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Differential media
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If M.O produce tryptophanase: Tryptophan hydrolysis to = Ammonia + Indole + Pyruvic acid
\----- add Kovacs reagent -----
Red ring (positive result)
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Differential media
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If M.O produce tryptophanase: Tryptophan hydrolysis to = Ammonia + Indole + Pyruvic acid
\----- add Kovacs reagent -----
Red ring (positive result)
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Citrate media
M.O utilize citrate as the sole carbon source
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Differential media
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Sodium citrate ------ Sodium bicarbonate + Ammonia (NH3) ------ alkaline (blue)
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Blue will indicate a positive result of the microorganism using citrate.
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Differential media
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Sodium citrate ------ Sodium bicarbonate + Ammonia (NH3) ------ alkaline (blue)
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Blue will indicate a positive result of the microorganism using citrate.
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Glucose Peptone Water Media
Differential
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Done for the indication of the fementation of carbohydrate and also gas production.
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If ferments Glucose, colour will turn Yellow
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Done for the indication of the fementation of carbohydrate and also gas production.
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If ferments Glucose, colour will turn Yellow
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Motility Media
Determine the motility of microorganisms (flagella)
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PDA media
Phenylalanine Deaminase Media
To determine if M.O deaminate phenylalanine to phenyl pyruvic acid.
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Phenylalanine ------phenyl pyruvic acid ---
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Add 10% ferric chloride ----Green(positive)
To determine if M.O deaminate phenylalanine to phenyl pyruvic acid.
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Phenylalanine ------phenyl pyruvic acid ---
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Add 10% ferric chloride ----Green(positive)
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MR/VP Media Voges–Proskauer
To determine if an organism produces acetylmethylcarbinol from glucose fermentation.
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M.O digest glucose to acetylmethylcarbinol-----
First, add the ∝- naphthol; then, add 40% KOH ----
If Red/Purple then it’s positive
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M.O digest glucose to acetylmethylcarbinol-----
First, add the ∝- naphthol; then, add 40% KOH ----
If Red/Purple then it’s positive
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Cetrimide agar plates
Selective and Differential Media
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Positive indication of colony growth will be fluroscent green colonies , negative will show no growth.
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Cetrimide is a quarternary ammonium compound with bactericidal activity against a broad range of Gram-positive organisms and some Gram-negative organisms.
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Positive indication of colony growth will be fluroscent green colonies , negative will show no growth.
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Cetrimide is a quarternary ammonium compound with bactericidal activity against a broad range of Gram-positive organisms and some Gram-negative organisms.
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Arginine dihydrolase medium
To distinguish from other groups of Pseudomonas spp.
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The purpose is to see if the microbe can use the amino acid __**arginine**__ as a source of carbon and energy for growth.
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Colour change from purple to yellow and then back to purple is positive reaction
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The purpose is to see if the microbe can use the amino acid __**arginine**__ as a source of carbon and energy for growth.
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Colour change from purple to yellow and then back to purple is positive reaction
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Nitrate medium
Recommended for detecting nitrate-reducing and indole-producing microorganisms
Note 
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