WWII - DE US History

39% of all WWII soldiers were

volunteers

families who had a member(s) in military during war, each star was for each member in military

Gold star families

blue stars represented

alive

gold stars represented

dead

idea that spies are all around (Soviet, German, etc.)

“Don’t talk too much”

all 3 axis powers left out of the

Treaty of Versailles

wanting to build an empire, regain pride, strong nationalism, get what’s deserved from ToV

things in common with 3 axis powers

US policy in WWII

Isolationism

european countries can buy but must ship items themselves

Cash and carry 1939

all men 21-45, initially 900,000 men

Peacetime draft 1940

lets US lend/lease war supplies to any nation deemed vital to its defense

Lend Lease 1941

played a large role in getting people into the war

propaganda

american resources sent to Europe first

Atlantic Theater

island hopping: advancing to Japan via seizing key islands

Pacific theater

The Blitz; nightly bombing on major cities in London

Battle of Britain 1940

important industrial city in USSR, urban fighting

Stalingrad 1942

allied invasion of france

D-day 1944

last German offensive on the Allied line in France

Battle of the Bulge

what battles was island hopping especially utilized

Battle of Midway and Iwo Jima

2 major goals of island hopping

regain Philippines and invade Japan

oversaw civilian production into wartime production

War Production Board

23 months before the first dead soldiers’ photos published, censored letters home

Office of War Production

responsible for rationing

Office of Production Management

Limits laborers ability to strike

National War Labor Board

fighting inflation, rationing food, gas especially rationed

Office of Price Administration

most normal civilians get ? gallons per week

3

in the evening people put in low wattage light bulbs, heavy curtains within 50 miles of a coast. REQUIRED BY LAW

Blackouts

kids would often go house to house for scrap metal + fats

usage of materials

women taking jobs during wartime, 19mil working, fighting for 4 freedoms

Womanpower

4 freedoms

freedom of speech, worship, want and fear

encouraging women to join the workforce

Rosie the Riveter

teaching women how to be a part of the workforce

Jenny on the Job

150,000 women worked non-combat jobs (drivers, mechanics, delivering mail, etc,)

Women’s Army Corps

1,100 women flew planes from factory to coastline, tested new planes + towed targets

Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)

primary encouragement for creation of WASPs

Jacklyn Cochran

represent that someone is in the workforce, similar to an ID tag

Buttons

WWII is the last war with

segregated armed forces

A Philip Randolph suggested black laborers go on strike, put on back burner during wartime until MLK Jr. in 1963

March on Washington for Jobs

African American pilots who served in the air force

Tuskegee Airmen

people of 1/8 (or more) Japanese descent put here, anyone who tried to leave was shot, only exception was made in Hawaii because >30% of population is Japanese

Internment Camps

most decorated regiment, consisted of Japanese American men

442nd regiment

first generation Japanese born in the US

Nisei

led by the Marine corps, 29 created the code and less than 500 were taught it

Navajo Code Talkers

zoot suits

large, baggy suits worn by young African Americans, Mexicans, etc.

enlisted men attacked zoot suiters, exploded into large-scale riots

zoot suit riots

military has control over who gets sent to prison camps

executive order 9066

many had to leave property behind, 120,000 moved (forcefully) while only 8,000 escaped

Japanese incarceration

internment camp with people that govt. especially questioned

Tule Lake

Exec. order 9066 violated 14th amendment and 5th amendment; court sided with US bc “rights aren’t guaranteed during wartime”

Korematsu case

5th amendment

right to due process

14th amendment

citizenship

war ends by the

bombing on Japan

US would respect Latin American nations’ sovereignty and avoid intervening with foreign affairs

Good Neighbor Policy

allied powers

US, Great Britain, Soviet Union, Republic of China

axis powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

movement for African Americans for double victory abroad + at home (racism, fascism, discrimination)

Double V Campaign

agency created in 1941 to investigate and address discrimination in employment

Fair Employment Practices Commission

series of agreements that let Mexican citizens work in US on short term contracts

Bracero Program

women’s branch in Navy, est. to support war effort by replacing men in shore-based positions

WAVEs

tech using sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater

SONAR

tech using radio waves to locate, detect and track objects at a distance

RADAR

prioritizing elimination of Hitler over other events/situations

“Get Hitler First”

surprise attack from Japan on US in Hawaii on December 7th, 1941

Pearl Harbor

first time allied attacked Japan, considered a turning point in Pacific Theater

Guadalcanal

Japanese suicide pilots, crashed their planes into enemy targets

Kamikaze

Rump state established in 1940 after France’s defeat by Germany, this state collaborated with Nazi Germany

Vichy France

German military strategy that relies on speed, concentration and surprise to overwhelm enemies

Blitzkreig

Allied forces fighting to liberate Italy from German occupation after surrender of Italy in September 1943

Italian Campaign

plan to systematically eliminate all Jews, 6 million died because of this

Hitler’s FInal Solution

US govt project to develop first atomic bomb

Manhattan Project

Wartime tech

RADAR, SONAR, Antibiotics, Tetanus Shot, Synthetic Rubber & Oil, Aircraft Carriers, Gerrycan

US troops move from Africa to Italy

Operation torch 1943