MCP 2 remediation practice

What is the first-line treatment for mild acne?

Topical Benzoyl Peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide works mainly by what MOA?

Antibacterial action against Cutibacterium Acnes

A common side effect of benzoyl peroxide is what?

Skin-Bleaching/Irritation

Topical Retinoids Include all EXCEPT what?

Tretinoin
Adapalene
Tazarotene
Azelaic Acid

Azelaic Acid

Retinoids Primarily treat acne by what method?

Normalizing Follicular Keratinization

Oral Isotretinoin is indicated for what?

Severe Nodulocystic Acne

Most concerning side effect of isotretinoin is what?

Teratogenicity

Which Antibiotic is frequently used for moderate inflammatory acne?

Tetracycline/Doxycycline

A topical Antibiotic for acne is what?

Clindamycin

What Antiandrogen is used in acne treatment?

Spironolactone

Azelaic Acid is useful for acne because of what reason?

Normalizes keratinization and reduces bacteria

Salicylic Acid is useful for what?

Keratolytic Effects

Oral Contraceptives reduce acne by what?

Decreasing sebum production

Retinoids should not be combined with what?

Vitamin D

A less irritating Retinoid is what?

Adapalene

Tazarotene is contradicted in what?

Pregnancy

What is the first-line treatment for comedonal acne?

Topical Retinoids

What is the first-line therapy for mile plaque psoriasis?

Topical Corticosteroids

What is a/an Vitamin D analogs for Psoriasis?

Calcipotriene

What is the mechanism of action for calcipotriene?

Promotes keratinocyte differentiation

What is the mechanism of action for Methotrexate in Psoriasis?

It increases Folate Antagonism and decreases proliferation of cells

A topical calcineurin inhibitor for psoriasis (especially face/flexures) is what?

Tacrolimus

Coal Tar Therapy mainly works by what mechanism of action?

Reducing inflammation and scaling

TNF-a inhibitors include all except what?

Etanercept
Adalimumab
Infliximab
Ustekinumab

Ustekinumab

What does Ustekinumab target?

IL-12/23

What does Secukinumab inhibit?

IL-17A

What is a major contraindication to Biologic therapy?

Active Infections

A necessary test before TNF-a inhibitor therapy is what?

TB screening

What is Apremilast?

PDE-4 inhibitor

Phototherapy for psoriasis includes what?

UVA and Psoralen

Topical corticosteroids causes all EXCEPT:

Skin Atrophy
Telangiectasia
Cataracts (with eye exposure)
Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation

Dapsone can be used for what?

Acne (especially nodular)

Salicylic Acid in Psoriasis acts as what?

Keratolytic

An effective treatment for Psoriatic Arthritis is what?

TNF-a Inhibitors

What is the First-Line Pharmacologic treatment for atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

Topical Corticosteroids

What is the main mechanism of topical corticosteroids in eczema?

Reduce inflammation and itching

Which of the following is a low-potency topical corticosteroid?

Clobetasol
Hydrocortisone 1%
Betamethasone Dipropionate
Fluocinonide

Hydrocortisone 1%

High-Potency topical steroid should be avoided on what?

Face and Groin

A commonly used topical calcineurin inhibitor for eczema is what?

Tacrolimus

Tacrolimus acts by inhibiting what?

Calcineurin

A Major advantage of topical calcineurin inhibitors over corticosteroids is what?

No risk of Skin Atrophy

A topical medication approved for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis is what?

Crisaborole

What is a common side effect of tacrolimus ointment?

Local Burning Sensation

When are systemic Corticosteroid in eczema used?

Only for severe, Acute Flares

Duplimumab (for atopic dermatitis) inhibits what?

IL-4 and IL-13

What is a major adverse effect of dupilumab?

Conjunctivitis

Antihistamines in eczema are primarily used for what?

Reducing iotching

Long-term use of high-potency topical steroids may cause what?

Skin Atrophy

Topical Antibiotics such as mupirocin are used for eczema when what happens?

Secondary bacterial infection (impetiginization) is present

Emollients are essential in eczema therapy because they do what?

Improve skin barrier and hydration

What is a common trigger for contact dermatitis?

Nickle

What is the first-line therapy for allergic contact dermatitis?

Topical corticosteroids

What is the treatment for severe allergic contact dermatitis?

Oral Corticosteroids

What is the best definition of a hormone?

A chemical messenger released into the bloodstream to act on distant tissues

Which endocrine gland is considered the “Master Gland”

Pituitary Gland

Steroid Hormones are synthesized from which precursor?

Cholesterol

Peptide Hormones generally exert their effects through what?

Second-messenger systems

Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?

Cortisol

Hormones with intracellular receptors are usually what?

Lipophilic

Which of the following hormones acts via a G-protein couples receptor?

ADH (V2) Receptors

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin

Which endocrine organ secretes glucagon?

Pancrease (alpha cells)

What is the primary mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Binding to cytosolic or nuclear receptors

Which of the following is NOT a second messenger?

cAMP
IP3
Ca2+
DNA

DNA

Which hormone increases blood glucose?

Glucagon

Which hormone uses a receptor with tyrosine kinase activity?

Insulin

Excessive growth hormone in adults causes what?

Acromegaly

Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates release of TSH?

TRH

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary?

ADH

Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidney?

ADH (V2)

Prolactin Secretion is primarily inhibited by what?

Dopamine

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate?

Thyroxine (T4)

The main physiological action of aldosterone is to do what?

Increase sodium reabsorption

Which hormone is NOT produced from tyrosine?

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Thyroxine
Cortisol

Cortisol

Where are receptors for peptide hormones located in?

Cell Membrane

Which hormone required Iodine for its synthesis?

Thyroxine

What is the primary action of vasopressin on V1 receptors?

Vasoconstriction

Which hormone increases calcium levels in the blood?

PTH

Which is the major glucocorticoid in humans?

Cortisol

Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection?

Oxytocin

Which hormone is secreted in response to low blood glucose?

Glucagon

Insulin decreases blood glucose by doing what?

Increasing glucose uptake in tissues

Which hormone acts via intracellular nuclear receptors?

Estrogen

Which endocrine disorder results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells?

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Where are thyroid hormones receptors located in?

Nucleus

Which hormone uses the JAK-STAT signaling pathway?

GH

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Coordination of nervous and endocrine systems

Which hormone promotes uterine contractions during labor?

Oxytocin

A hormone acting on the same cell that released it is called what?

Autocrine

Which type of hormone has the shortest half-life?

Peptide hormones

The pituitary gland is primarily regulated by which organ?

Hypothalamus

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin

Growth Hormones exerts much of its growth-promoting effects via what?

IGF-1 (Somatomedin C)

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4?

TSH

Which neurotransmitter inhibits prolactin release?

Dopamine

The anterior pituitary secretes all EXCEPT:

FSH
LH
Oxytocin
Prolactin

Oxytocin

Vasopressin acts on V2 receptors to do what?

Promote water reabsorption in kidneys

What is Oxytocin clinically used for?

Inducing Labor

Bromocriptine acts as what?

Dopamine Agonist