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Feminism
An ideology that believes that society and related institutions do not work equally in the interests of women and men
Liberal Feminists
Apply individualism and foundational equality to women to women focusing on political and legal rights
Socialist Feminists
Believe that inequality between the genders is caused by capitalism which needs to be overthrown
Radical Feminists
Argue that society is fundamentally patriarchal so needs radical change especially in the private sphere
Post-modern Feminists
Focus on difference and argue that there is no fixed understanding of women and can have different definitions
First Wave Feminism
Focused on winning the vote and encouraged by the extension of the franchise to men
Second Wave Feminism
Focus on the roles that society expects of men and women
Third Wave Feminism
Concerned that feminism had only focused on the concerns on white, middle class women; mainstream feminist movement has failed to recognise other cultures
Fourth Wave Feminism
Reaction to the misogyny and sexism shown in the print and social media
Patriarchy
The belief that society is dominated by men and run in their interests. Literal meaning is rule by the fathers
Implications of patriarchy
gender is humanity's deepest division, advance sexual politics to address this, sexism is a form of oppression
Walby's six structure of patriarchy
state, household, violence, paid work, sexuality and culture
How does the state hold up the patriarchy
Men are ultimately the decision makers; the state discourages women from being MPs
How does the household hold up the patriarchy
Restricts women to the domestic world and its seen weird if a women doesn't look after the children
How does the violence hold up the patriarchy
Violence is a form of oppression and encourages men to control women
How does the paid work hold up the patriarchy
It's a financial expression that women are valued less and the jobs women take up pay less than men's.
How does the sexuality hold up the patriarchy
Society forces women to repress their natural sexual desires and consider them dirty and "Unladylike"
How does the culture hold up the patriarchy
Society has sought to reinforce its message to women through culture
sex
the biological differences between males and females
Gender
cultural differences which are made by society. Gender is a spectrum and gender expectations have changed throughout time
Public sphere
the area in society where relationships are public, specifically life outside the home, particularly society and work
Private Sphere
the area in society where relationships are seen as private, specifically home and domestic life
The personal is political
aims to highlight to women that aspects of life that are personal were part of patriarchy
Equality Feminism
feminism that seeks equality for men and women in society and believes that the biological differences between men and women are inconsequential
difference feminism
feminism that argues that men and women are fundamentally different from one another
Essentialism
for difference feminism this is the belief that biological factors are significant in the different behaviour of men and women
Cultural Feminism
a form of difference feminism that seeks to challenge the dominance of male culture in society by promoting "women's values"
Separatist Feminism
Advocates separation from men, physically, emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually. Some argue for permanent separate societies, whilst others it should only be from time to time
why do some feminists criticised the idea of gender equality?
Call for gender equality between women and men invariably encourages women to be "like men"
Intersectionality
an idea that challenged the notion that "gender" was the singular factor in determining a women's fate, arguing that black and working class women's experience of patriarchy are different from that of white, middle-class women
What wave is intersectionality associated
third wave