Keywords- 3

Carbohydrates

A substance containing carbon, hydrogen & oxygen

Lipids

Fatty compounds that are soluble in organic solvents. They are insoluble in polar solvents like water

Proteins

A molecule made up of amino acids

Monosaccharides

A carbohydrate that is made up of a single sugar unit.

Disaccharides

A carbohydrate made up of 2 sugar units or monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

A carbohydrate made up from a large number of sugar units or monosaccharides joined to each other by condensation.

Glucose

A simple sugar which is an energy source in living organisms

Galactose

A simple sugar which has same molecular formula as glucose but atoms are arranged differently

Fructose

A monosaccharide with same molecular formula as glucose but atoms are arranged differently.

Hexose

A monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms in each molecule e.g. fructose, glucose & galactose.

Condensation

A type of chemical reaction in which small molecules are joined together with the removal of a molecule of water.

Glycosidic bond

The bond that forms between 2 sugar monomers.

Sucrose

A disaccharide formed when a molecule of glucose joins a molecule of fructose by condensation.

Maltose

A disaccharide formed when 2 molecules of glucose join together by condensation.

Lactose

A disaccharide which is made up from glucose and galactose joined to each other by condensation.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones by a reaction with water.

Starch

A polysaccharide formed from a large number of glucose.

Cellulose

A polysaccharide which is an important structural component of plant cell walls

Glycogen

A multi-branched polysaccharide. It serves as a form of energy in animals, fungi & bacteria.

Amylose

A polysaccharide formed from a long straight chain of glucose molecules.

Amylopectin

A polysaccharide formed of branched chains of glucose molecules.

Dietary fibre

Indigestible polysaccharides. Important in prevention of CHD, diabetes & bowel cancer.

Triglycerides

A lipid made up of a molecule of glycerol joined to 3 fatty acid molecules.

Ester bond

A chemical bond between glycerol & fatty acid to form triglycerides.

Saturated

A fatty acid with no double bonds present in its hydrocarbon chain.

Monounsaturated

A fatty acid with 1 double bond present in its hydrocarbon chain.

Polyunsaturated

A fatty acid with more than 1 double bond present in its hydrocarbon chain.

Essential fatty acids

A fatty acid that is essential for growth & which the body is unable to make e.g. linoleic acid.

Lipoproteins

Round particles made up of fat (lipids) & proteins that travel in your bloodstream to cells throughout your body.

Low-density proteins (LDL)

Lipoproteins which contain a lot of cholesterol & little triglyceride. High levels of LDL are linked to formation of Atheroma & increases risk of CVD.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Helps remove other forms of cholesterol from your bloodstream.