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silicon diode
used in rectification
zener diode
voltage regulator
light emitting diode
used in indicators
forward bias
small resistance to current flow in one direction
reverse bias
resistance extremely high if current goes backwards
transistor switch
a semi-conductor that amplifies a signal from a sensor
base
middle section of transistor, lightly doped to reduce
collector
positive lead of transistor, always reversed biased so that charge carriers move away from the base, moderately doped
emitter
main function is to supply majority of charge carriers to base
doping
process of introducing an atom of another element to the lattice of a pure material
p-doping
process in which the structure is doped with atoms that have 3 electrons in outer shell - creates holes so that current can be conducted as accept electrons from other atoms
n-doping
process in which the structure is doped with atoms that have 5 electrons in outer shell - extra electron allows for conduction as it is free to roam
semiconductor outer shell
4 electrons, performs perfect covalent bonds
