Unit 7.2 Vocab Quiz

Dawes Plan

United States banks would lend large sums to Germany. Germany would use the money to rebuild its economy and pay reparations to Great Britain and France. Then Great Britain and France would pay their war debts to the United States.

American Civil Liberties Union

organization formed during the Red Scare to protect free speech rights

Buying on the margin

purchase method allowed people to borrow most of the cost of the stock, making down payments as low as 10 percent. Investors depended on the price of the stock increasing so they could repay their loans

Gross National Product

value of all goods and services produced by a nation in one year.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

a measure for propping up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions. Pres Hoover believed emergency loans would stabilize key business and the benefits would "trickle down" to smaller businesses and ultimately bring recovery

Uneven income distribution

Wages had risen relatively little compared to the large increases in productivity and corporate profits. Economic success was not shared by all, as the top 5 percent of the richest Americans received over 33 percent of all wealth

Bonus March

Thousands of unemployed World War I veterans marched to Washington, D.C. and set up encampments to demand immediately payment of the bonuses promised to them at a later date.

Fireside Chats

President Franklin Roosevelt spoke on the radio to the American people.

Schechter v. U.S.

Declared National Recovery Administration (NRA) unconstitutional

Congress of Industrial Organizations

labor union concentrated on organizing unskilled workers in the automobile, steel, and southern textile industries.

Stimson Doctrine

the United States would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan’s invasion of Manchuria.

America First Committee

isolationists became alarmed by President Roosevelt’s support for Britain. To mobilize American public opinion against the war, they formed this committee.

Quarantine Speech

FDR proposed the democracies act together to “quarantine” Japan. Public reaction was negative, and the idea was abandoned.

Four Freedoms Speech

FDR proposed lending money to Britain for the purchase of U.S. military weapons. He argued that the U.S. must help other nations defend freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

Atlantic Charter

August 1941, U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill met aboard a ship off the coast of Newfoundland. They created this agreement which outlined the principles for peace after the war.

Appeasement

policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war.

Office of Price Administration

agency regulated most aspects of civilian lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing commodities in order to control inflation.

Manhattan Project

Code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs

Korematsu v. US

upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay financial compensation to each survivor

Reciprocal Trade Agreements

plan that would reduce tariffs for nations that reciprocated with comparable reduction for U.S. imports.