BJU Chemistry Chapter 16 (5th Edition)

A reaction represented by an energy diagram in which delta H is positive is

Endothermic

According to the collision theory, what must be present for any reaction to occur?

sufficient energy and proper orientation of collisions

The transitional structure between reactants and products is called

activated complex

The peak in an energy diagram represents __________.

activation energy

If a substance is broken up into more pieces and exposes more surface area, the reaction rate will...

progress faster

If a solid material is capable of

adsorbing molecules of gases or

liquids onto its surfaces, then it is a

- catalyst.

Heterogenous

The process of molecules of one

substance collecting on the

surface of another is called

adsorption

A special and distinct class of catalysts that may cause reactions to occur millions of times faster is called...

enzymes

How are rate laws determined?

experimentally

The square brackets around reactants in a rate law formula represents...

concentration

If changing the concentration of a particular reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction then

then that reactant does not appear in the rate law, the reaction is zero order for that reaction, and the reactant does not appear in the balanced chemical equation.

(True/False) Kinetics asks the question, "How fast can a reaction occur?"

True

A reaction rate is independent of the number of effective collisions.

False

An increase in temperature usually decreases the rate of a reaction .

False

A catalyst does not affect the concentration of products formed in a reaction it affects only the rate at which they are produced.

True

A balanced chemical equation does not show the possible intermediates that might be formed during a reaction.

True

Even if AG is negative, a reaction might not occur rapidly .

True

an indication of how the rate of a reaction is affected by a specific reactant's concentration

reaction order

An indication of how fast reactants change into products, using units describing the change in concentrations such as molarity per second or moles per liter per hour

reaction rate

an equation that mathematically describes how fast a reaction can

occur

rate law

an explanation for why reactions occur at greater or slower rates, depending on reaction conditions

collision theory

A transition state in a reaction that lasts only for a few femtoseconds is called

Activated complex

A reaction mechanism is often made of two or more possible steps called - steps.

Elementary

The series of steps that make up a reaction is called a

reaction mechanism

The high-energy transitional structure in a reaction is called

Activated Complex

How do inhibitors work and what is an application of them?

Inhibitors work by bonding to a catalyst to decrease the catalyzed reaction rate or even completely stop the process. This process reduces spoilage in foods and allows foods to last longer.

Describe the rate-determining step.

The rate-determining step is the slowest step in the reaction mechanism and affects the rate by regulating the amount of reactant available for the next step.

How do the rate-determining steps relate to rate laws?

The rate-determining steps are related to rate laws because the rate law is an equation derived from the rate-determining step and is used to mathematically describe how fast a reaction occurs.

A transition state in a reaction that lasts only for a few femtoseconds is called

Activated Complex

Describe intermediate

substances.

Intermediate substances

are formed in one step

and consumed in the next.

For the law k[A]^3[B]^4 if the concentration of B is doubled, the rate of the reaction will

2^4=16.

increase 16 times since

In a particular reaction involving nitrogen dioxide the reaction rate is proportional to [NO2]2. If the concentration of nitrogen dioxide is tripled, the rate is times faster .

Nine

Using the data in Table 1,

determine the reaction order for

NO in the reaction 2NO + 2H2 ->

N2 + 2H20 .

second order

Using the data in Table 1,

determine the appropriate rate

law for the reaction 2NO + 2H2 ->

N2 + 2H20 .

rate = k [NO][H2]

A general rule of thumb is that for a reaction rate to double, a rise in temperature of is required.

10* C

The rate law for the reaction 2

NO + C12 -> 2 NOCl is

k[NO]^2[Cl2]. If the concentration of Cl is tripled, the reaction rate...

Triples

An enzyme is an example of a (n)

Catalyst