SYMMETRY

Natural patterns

are created by natural

processes, without human influence. These

patterns are often used by scientists, artists, and

mathematicians to understand how nature grows and

functions.

Repetition and Regularity

the consistent occurrence of shapes,

colors, or forms in a predictable and organized

manner.

Symmetry

refers to balanced and proportionate

similarity found in two halves of an object.

Fractals

- are intricate patterns that repeat at

different scales, known as self-similarity. This

means a small part of the

-structure looks similar to the whole. These patterns

often appear chaotic but follow mathematical rules.

Spirals

are curves that wind around center

point, gradually getting farther away. Many spirals in

nature follow the Fibonacci sequence or golden ratio,

both

Tessellation

- refers to the way shapes fit

together perfectly without any gaps or overlaps.

-In nature, this can be found in the way animals,

insects, or cells organize themselves.

Geometric

pattern use regular shapes like

squares, triangles, or circles in repeated sequences.

stripes

are repeating lines going in the same

direction, usually parallel.

weaving

patterns by interlacing two

sets of materials — one going over, the other

under. Baskets use this method to create both strong

structures and beautiful repeating designs

mosaic

pattern or image made by arranging

small pieces of colored glass, stone, or tile. Church

windows often show repeating or symmetrical

patterns and religious figures. These patterns are

both decorative and symbolic, telling stories

through art.

zigzag

a pattern of lines that sharply change

direction, creating peaks and valleys. Common in

textile and rug designs, zigzag patterns add energy

and movement to a design, catching attention with

their bold, dynamic shape

grid

made by intersecting horizontal and

vertical lines. On notebook paper, these lines form

small boxes or spaces that help organize writing or

numbers. This pattern is functional - it keeps work

neat and evenly spaced.

rotational symmetry

a type of symmetry

where a figure or shape looks the same after being

rotated about a central point by a certain angle.

center of rotation

fixed point around

which a figure rotates. All parts of the shape turn

around this point during rotation.

pattern

the repetition of shapes, colors, or forms in a predictable and organized way. It helps organisms: • Camouflage • Attract mates • Gain structural strength

reflection symmetry

One half is the mirror image of the other. • Uses a line of symmetry (mirror line) to divide the shape.

angle of rotation

Smallest positive angle for a shape to look the same

transformation

changes a figure’s position, size, or orientation.

rigid

Preserve shape and size

translation

Slides a shape without turning or flipping

reflection

Flips a shape over a line (mirror image)

rotation

Turns shape around a point by a specific angle

glide reflection

Translation + reflection across a line parallel to the movement