Apush Part 3 Summative

Identification and Matching Terms

Townshend Acts of 1767

A series of British parliamentary acts designed to raise revenue from the American colonies, primarily through duties on imported goods like tea, glass, lead, paint, and paper. They also aimed to assert greater British control by establishing a customs board in Boston and using vice-admiralty courts without juries to enforce the new regulations. (Identification)

Dunmore’s War

A 1774 conflict between the Virginia militia, led by Royal Governor John Murray, and a confederation of Native American tribes, primarily the Shawnee. The war was fought over competing claims to the fertile hunting grounds of the Ohio Valley and ended with the defeat of the Native confederacy, forcing them to cede their land south of the Ohio River. (Identification)

Second Continental Congress

Served as the governing body for the American colonies during the Revolutionary War, establishing the Continental Army and adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 to declare separation from Great Britain. It also created the Articles of Confederation. (Identification)

Northwestern Ordinance 1787

Established a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a process for admitting new states to the Union, and guaranteed a bill of rights for its inhabitants, including a ban on slavery. (Identification)

Shay's Rebellion

Was an armed uprising in western Massachusetts from 1786-1787, led by Revolutionary War veterans protesting economic hardships and high taxes under the weak Articles of Confederation. The rebellion's violent clashes and inability of the government to effectively suppress it highlighted the severe weaknesses of the Articles (identification)

Articles of Confederation

Were the United States' first constitution, establishing a weak central government with limited powers and most authority retained by the individual states. Ratified in 1781, the Articles provided a framework for national government during the Revolutionary War but proved ineffective, lacking the power to tax or enforce laws, and were replaced by the Constitution in 1789. (identification)

Monroe Doctrine

The U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and the Western Hemisphere would no longer be open to new European colonization. This foreign policy, established by President James Monroe in 1823, aimed to prevent European intervention and maintain distinct spheres of influence between Europe and the Americas. (Identification)

Adams-Onis Treaty

Transferred the Spanish territory of Florida to the United States. This established a definitive boundary between U.S. territory and New Spain, settling a long-standing border dispute. (Identification)

Manumission

The formal act of a slave owner granting legal freedom to an enslaved person, thereby releasing them from bondage. It was a significant process by which a slave obtained their freedom, either through a master's will or a legal document. (Identifcation)

Commonwealth System

The commonwealth system was a form of state-led economic development in early America, where state legislatures invested in private businesses to foster competition and economic growth. (Identification)

Stamp Act Congress (1765)

A meeting of delegates from nine colonies in New York City to protest the Stamp Act, asserting that only colonial assemblies—not Parliament—could tax the colonies. It marked an early step toward intercolonial unity and organized resistance to British authority. (Matching)

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the authority of a government comes from the consent of the people, often applied to the idea that settlers in a territory should decide for themselves whether to allow slavery (key issue in the Kansas-Nebraska Act). (Matching)

Valley Forge (1777–1778)

The winter encampment of George Washington’s Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, where soldiers endured extreme hardship but emerged as a more disciplined and unified fighting force after training under Baron von Steuben. (Matching)

Federalist No. 10 (1787)

An essay by James Madison arguing that a large republic would best protect against the dangers of factions because the diversity of interests would prevent any single group from dominating national politics. (Matching)

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

A farmers’ uprising in western Pennsylvania against Alexander Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey; it tested the authority of the new federal government, which successfully suppressed the rebellion, proving the Constitution’s strength. (matching)

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

An agreement between the United States and Native American tribes following the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It opened most of Ohio and Indiana to American settlement, marking another step in westward expansion and Native displacement. (matching)

Bank of the United States (1791)

Proposed by Alexander Hamilton to stabilize the American economy by managing government funds, issuing currency, and extending credit. It sparked fierce debate over constitutional interpretation and federal versus state power. (matching)

Demographic Transition

A long-term shift from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a society industrializes—reflecting changes in family size, urbanization, and the economy in early 19th-century America. (matching)

Voluntarism

The principle of relying on voluntary associations and citizen participation (like churches, reform societies, or mutual aid groups) rather than government coercion to promote civic life and moral improvement in the early republic. (matching)

“Neomercantilist”

An early-19th-century American economic policy that encouraged domestic manufacturing, banking, and trade through government support and tariffs—reviving mercantilist ideas to promote national prosperity and self-sufficiency. (matching)