IB Bio Study Guide units 1,2,3

This is flascard set is based off the study guide I received

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur

commonly occuring elements in biology

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids

commonly occuring biomolecules

Buoyancy

Allows animals to float or sink in water depending on their density sunfish use this to change depths quickly in the ocean

Cohesion

water’s property to stick to itself creates surface tension and allows animals to glide across the water also allows plants to draw water from the ground using xylems.

Adhesion

water’s property to stick to other things allows things to dissolve and allows for water to transport molecules; capillary action in narrow spaces

Condensation

the process of changing monomers to polymers by combining then with covalent bonds and creating polymers

Hydrolysis

adding a water to a polymer to break it a part into monomers

Catabolism

the destructive metabolism process

Anabolism

the creation process of metabolism

Metabolism

all the chemical reactions that happen in a living organism

High Specific heat

water can absorb/release heat with changing temp, organisms use water to stabilize temperature

High Heat of vaporization

absorbs great amount of heat when vaporizing allows body to sweat to release heat

Acidosis

too much acid or too little base causing acid to rip through body and kill you

Alkalosis

too much base or too little acid causing base to rip through body and kill you

Function of Lipids

long term energy storage, membrane structure, hormonal regulation and thermal regulation

function of carbohydrates

short term energy storage and structure

function of Nucleic Acids

store information and participate in protein synthesis

proteins

catalyze reactions, hormonal regulation, transmit information, participate in structure, and transport things.

Lipid

Saturated fats

more unhealthy fats that have all Cs with Hs

Unsaturated fats

fats that have double bonds between C and H and are more healthy

Transcription

DNA is turned into RNA

Translation

RNA is converted into amino acid chain

Factors that affect functionality of proteins

Acidity, Substrate Concentration, and Temperature

Primary structure

A polypeptide chain without links

Fibrous Proteins

Secondary structure used for structure, amine and carboxyl group are linked together

Globular Proteins

Tertiary structure, first functional stage of protein folding

Prosthetic

Inorganic compounds involved in Quaternary stage of folding

5’ to 3’

connection of DNA nucleotides to each other

Silent

point mutation: it produces the same amino acid despite the base change Ex: KAT compared to CAT

Missense mutation

point mutation: changes the base, producing a different amino acid Ex: CAT compared to BAT

Nonsense mutation

point mutation: it changes something to a stop and it doesn’t make sense anymore

Insertion mutation

frame shift: adds a base where it is not meant to be pushing everything back + messing it upp

Deletion Mutation

it deletes a base pulling all bases forward and out of place messing it up