Cell Cycle and Mitosis Terminology

These flashcards provide definitions and explanations of key terms related to the cell cycle and mitosis.

Chromosome

Structures found in the nucleus of dividing cells that appear X-shaped.

Sister Chromatids

Two identical parts of a chromosome, held together by a centromere.

Diploid

Body cells that contain the full number of chromosomes, 46 in humans.

Haploid

Sex cells that contain only half the number of chromosomes.

Interphase

The stage of the cell cycle where the cell copies DNA and performs cell functions.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up along the equator.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromatids separate and move to opposite sides.

Prophase

The stage of mitosis where DNA condenses and forms chromosomes.

Telophase

The stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane forms in each new cell.

Spindle Apparatus

The structure responsible for moving individual chromosomes during mitosis.

Centrioles

Pairs of structures that anchor the spindle during mitosis.

Mitosis

The process by which the nucleus divides into two new nuclei.

Cytokinesis

The process by which the cell splits into two new daughter cells.