Wilson Cycle

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13 Terms

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Stage One of Wilson Cycle

EMBRYONIC

  • crustal extension & uplift

  • igneous (magma) activity with thinning of the lithosphere (divergence)

    result: rift valleys & normal faults

    Ex: East Africa rift valley

<p>EMBRYONIC </p><ul><li><p>crustal extension &amp; uplift</p></li><li><p>igneous (magma) activity with thinning of the lithosphere (divergence) </p><p>result: rift valleys &amp; normal faults </p><p>Ex: East Africa rift valley </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Stage Two of Wilson Cycle

JUVENILE

  • spreading of crust without subduction, starting to develop oceanic crust in the continental rift

  • high heat flows

    result: narrow sea

    Ex: Red Sea

<p>JUVENILE </p><ul><li><p>spreading of crust without subduction, starting to develop oceanic crust in the continental rift</p></li><li><p>high heat flows</p><p>result: narrow sea </p><p>Ex: Red Sea </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Stage Three of Wilson Cycle

MATURE

  • divergence with little subduction

  • ocean basin with an active mid ocean ridge

    result: ocean basin with continental margin & mid ocean ridge

    Ex: Atlantic and Artic Oceans

<p>MATURE </p><ul><li><p>divergence with little subduction</p></li><li><p>ocean basin with an active mid ocean ridge</p><p>result: ocean basin with continental margin &amp; mid ocean ridge </p><p>Ex: Atlantic and Artic Oceans </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Stage Four of Wilson Cycle

DECLINING

  • convergence begins, subduction with marginal trenches

  • high spreading rates due to slab pull

    result: island arcs, trenches around basin edge, ocean ridge uncenterd

    Ex: pacific ocean

<p>DECLINING </p><ul><li><p>convergence begins, subduction with marginal trenches </p></li><li><p>high spreading rates due to slab pull </p><p>result: island arcs, trenches around basin edge, ocean ridge uncenterd</p><p>Ex: pacific ocean</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Stage Five of Wilson Cycle

TERMINAL

  • convergence, shrinking and uplift

    result: narrow, irregular sea with young mountains

    Ex: mediterranean sea

<p>TERMINAL</p><ul><li><p>convergence, shrinking and uplift</p><p>result: narrow, irregular sea with young mountains </p><p>Ex: mediterranean sea </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Stage Six of Wilson Cycle

SUTURING

  • uplift, subduction ceases, convergence

    result: birth of mature mountain ranges with nothing but land

    Ex: Himalaya mountains

<p>SUTURING </p><ul><li><p>uplift, subduction ceases, convergence </p><p>result: birth of mature mountain ranges with nothing but land </p><p>Ex: Himalaya mountains </p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the five major ocean basins?

  • pacific ocean basin

  • atlantic ocean basin

  • indian ocean basin

  • southern ocean basin

  • artic ocean basin

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Order the ocean basins from largest to smallest

largest: pacific

atlantic

indian

southern

smallest: artic

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Pacific Ocean Basin

largest basin

deepest

extensive marginal seas and volcanic island trenches

small freshwater input

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Atlantic Ocean Basin

second largest

avg depth 3310 m

large freshwater input (amazon, mississipi)

small # marginal seas (gulf of america)

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Indian Ocean Basin

avg depth 3840 (deeper than atlantic, southern & artic)

large sediment input from rivers

small # marginal seas - red sea

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Southern Ocean Basin

avg depth 3270 (deeper than artic)

coldest

most biologically productive (high nutrients)

extensive sea ice coverage

bordered to the north by continuous ring of water

small # marginal seas- weddel

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Artic Ocean Basin

smallest

avg depth 1038

centered on north pole, shallow, land locked

covered by sea ice

large sediment input from active glaciers