work, consumption and globalisation on identity

work/ production, consumption, globalisation

what did Gini say about work as a source of identity

work is not always about producing goods and services, rather contributes towards a sense of identity eg through salary, working hours

who identified patterns between work and leisure

parker

what three patterns did parker say came up when linking work and leisure

opposition, neutrality, extension

explain parkers “opposition” as a link between leisure and work and use an example

people have physically demanding jobs and use leisure as a way to escape from the demands of the workplace eg bricklaying

explain parkers “neutrality” as a link between leisure and work and use an example

people have little job satisfaction and engage in routine labour, leisure is a way to just relax

explain parkers “extension” as a link between leisure and work and use an example

leisure is an extension of work as it is already heavily social and has a high personal commitment

evaluate parkers three links between labour and leisure

doesn’t take into account factors other than work which influence leisure activities ie those 16+ and unemployed, choices aren’t accounted for, women’s leisure is dominated by housework and domestic demands

what are some key ways that work can influence identity

affects social class, social status, contribution affects identity, self esteem, income leads to a status derived from leisure, peer groups

how does unemployment affect identity

people may suffer from a lack of social status, anomie (durkheim) as lack of employment causes insecurity

what evidence is for there regarding a lack of work impacting identity

study of older workers both disabled and unemployed, showed that many tried to maintain a working lifestyle through waking up early and surrounding oneself with projects such as volunteering, loss pot work based finds created a crisis of confidence so many wanted to still work, denied the stigmatised identity of benefit scroungers (goffman), reluctant to go into low skilled labour as want more from work

how is the significance of work declining within identity

society is shifting from a producer to a consumer based society which means work is less significant, more about what you own rather than how you got it

what did batman say about the declining significance of work within identity

once work looses its importance within peoples lives, consumption takes over

what theory discusses the end of work thesis, explain it

postmodernist (Beck and Bauman), says that there is a decline in work as. whole as here is little job security in society, most labour is low skilled and in developing economies, work is often disposable and short term

why is work actually a significant part of identity in the uk

evidence of ups killing labour force, more part time jobs just fill in other demands eg childcare, greater demand for qualification and university attendees regardless of increase in apprenticeships, many workplaces focus on job satisfaction

what is the main sociological theory that focuses on consumption as a part of someones identity

postmodernism

what did Lyotard say about consumption and identity

meta-narratives no longer explain peoples identities therefore their individual consumption choices are more influential

what did bocock say about consumption and identity

people use consumption as a way to project their identity through what they choose to consume ie stanley cups

what did bocock call his theory

conspicuous consumption

what did giddens call buying of identity through consumption

projects of self

what are some examples of conspicuous consumption

perfumes, cups, cars, clothing brands, alcohol

how can false class consciousness link to consumerism within identity

when working class people choose to buy into identities due to wanting a portray a specific image ie buying nike tracksuits, they contribute towards their own exploitation as they con tribute to ruling class demand and therefore profit

what concept underpins the postmodernist theory on consumption

free choice

how may other sociologists evaluate the postmodernist thought on consumption as a form of identity

by stating that we actually do not have free choice

what are the six explanations for why people do not have free choice in society when it comes to consumption on society

occupation and work experience, social class, age, gender, ethnicity, gender, family life cycle

how does occupation explain the degree of free choice an individual has when it comes to consumption

amount of money and free time restricts the lifestyle choices people are able to make, work is often peoples biggest weekly commitment

how does social class explain the degree of free choice an individual has when it comes to consumption

no cultural capital for working class, no equal wealth distribution, shopping often based on best value rather than choice, those on low incomes cant afford to present a lifestyle ie golf, motor racing

how do marxists criticise postmodernists when it comes to consumerism on identity

largely fail to consider class when it comes to consumer choice, those on low wages have no choice

how does age explain the degree of free choice an individual has when it comes to consumption

laws restrict leisure activities ie drinking, driving, young single people and old retires people have more leisure time available

how does gender explain the degree of free choice an individual has when it comes to consumption

patriarchy restricts women’s choice on what they are to do eg running at night, gender socialisation leads to different interests, women have less leisure time due to household demands

what sociologist spoke about patriarchy restricting women’s choice on leisure activities

deem, said that male control stops women from doing things such as running at night, risk of harassment

how does the family life cycle explain the degree of free choice an individual has when it comes to consumption

those with children have significantly less time and money, older people that have ill health may be restricted in what they can physically do

how does ethnicity explain the degree of free choice an individual has when it comes to consumption

racism limits the consumer choice in what people can do especially in patriotic societies, different cultural backgrounds causes a range in leisure activities, some cultures more home based ie Asian women

what are some impacts of globalisation on identity

more TNCs spread branding across the world eg coca cola and adidas, increased migration levels lead to diaspora, war unrest splits communities, tariffs affect trade prices

diaspora

process of communities moving to other geographical areas and creating their own communities there eg jewish people

glocalisation, include examples

process of making the global market fit for local users by altering things to fit in with culture ie mcdonald’s having halal in the UAE, left hand drive cars

glocalism, include examples

the influence of global features onto local communities making them more globalised, eg climate targets

how can globalisation have a cultural influence on identity

exposed to more culture which gives more choice for clothes, food etc, have cheaper flights so can see more of the world, diaspora means more varied culture closer to home

how has globalisation influenced youth culture

decline in traditional aspects of youth culture such as punks, mods, rockers, replaced with k-pop and consumer based identities

americanisation

process of making culture and therefore identity more American through media, cuisine, economic policies, politics etc

cultural imperialism

process of a dominant culture imposing its values on more native cultures, aiming to suppress and replace traditional culture