chapter 12 biology

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12 Terms

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 Science of classification of organisms

taxonomy

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 Swedish botanist, based classification on structural similarities.  Divided all organisms into two major groups called kingdoms:  Plants and Animals

linnaeus

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what are the groups in the modern classifying system?

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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each type of organism is given a unique, 2-word, latin scientific name showing the genus and species of the organism.  Genus is capitalized

binomial nomenclature

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the evolutionary history of a species; often classification of organisms is based on this

phylogeny

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 diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms based on characteristics such as

phylogenetic tree

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diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms based on shared derived traits

cladogram

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a group of species that share certain specific traits that were derived from their ancestors

clade

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traits that organisms have acquired from their ancestors and share with other members of the group

shared derived traits

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a reference tool that uses a series of choices to progressively lead to the identification of an unknown organism

dichotomous key

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- discovered in 1796 - used to prepare the immune system for a viral attack

vaccines

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