Chemistry & Ionic Bonding: Properties, Formulas, and Naming of Ionic and Transition Metal Compounds

What is fool's gold?

Pyrite (FeS2), often mistaken for gold.

What type of solid is pyrite?

A crystalline ionic solid.

How can you find the number of valence electrons in an atom?

Look at its group number (except for transition metals).

What is reactivity in chemistry?

Reactivity refers to how likely an element is to form a compound with another element.

What are Lewis dot structures?

Representations of the valence electrons of an atom using dots around the element's symbol.

What does the octet rule state?

Atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas, typically 8 valence electrons.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion formed when a metal atom loses one or more valence electrons.

How are cations formed?

Metals lose 1 to 4 valence electrons to achieve an octet of the next-lowest energy level.

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion formed when a non-metal atom gains one or more valence electrons.

How are anions formed?

Nonmetals gain 1 to 3 valence electrons to achieve an octet of the next highest noble gas.

What is the charge of a sodium ion (Na+)?

1+ (formed by losing one valence electron).

What is the electron configuration of a magnesium ion (Mg2+)?

[He] 2s2 2p6.

What happens to the name of an anion?

The name ends in -ide (e.g., chloride for Cl-).

What is the electron configuration of a chloride ion (Cl-)?

[Ne] 3s2 3p6.

What is unique about transition metal cations?

They can form multiple cations with different charges.

What is the electron configuration of copper (Cu)?

[Ar] 4s1 3d10.

Why do transition metals have variable charges?

It depends on how many valence electrons are needed to bond with another atom.

What is the charge of an iron ion that loses two valence electrons?

Fe2+.

What is the charge of an iron ion that loses three valence electrons?

Fe3+.

What is the electron configuration of an oxide ion (O2-)?

[He] 2s2 2p6.

What is the electron configuration of a bromide ion (Br-)?

[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.

What is the electron configuration of a nitrogen ion (N3-)?

[He] 2s2 2p6.

What is the electron configuration of a sulfur ion (S2-)?

[Ne] 3s2 3p6.

What is the electron configuration of a strontium ion (Sr2+)?

[Kr] 5s2.

What is the electron configuration of a potassium ion (K+)?

[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.

What is the electron configuration of a lithium ion (Li+)?

1s2.

What is the electron configuration of a calcium ion (Ca2+)?

[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6.

What is a valence electron?

An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.

What is the octet rule?

Atoms react by gaining or losing electrons to acquire a stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually eight valence electrons.

What is an electron dot structure?

A notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element.

What does the term 'salt' refer to in chemistry?

Salt is a general term for ionic compounds, which are cations and anions held together by ionic bonding.

What is a formula unit?

The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.

What is the result of sodium transferring its valence electron to chlorine?

Formation of sodium chloride (NaCl).

How do metals and nonmetals behave in ionic bonding?

Metals lose valence electrons to form cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to form anions.

What is the formula for potassium oxide?

K2O, formed when two potassium atoms each lose one electron to satisfy oxygen's need for two electrons.

What is the formula for magnesium nitride?

Mg3N2, formed when three magnesium atoms provide two electrons for every two nitrogen atoms.

What is the Criss-Cross method?

A method to balance the charges in a formula for an ionic compound by criss-crossing the charges as subscripts.

What is the significance of the -ide ending in ionic compound names?

The -ide ending indicates that the compound is a binary ionic compound.

How are transition metals named in ionic compounds?

A Roman numeral is placed in parentheses after the name of the transition metal to indicate its charge.

What is the formula for aluminum chloride?

AlCl3, formed from Al3+ and Cl1- ions.

What is the formula for calcium fluoride?

CaF2, formed when one calcium atom reacts with two fluorine atoms.

What is a binary ionic compound?

A compound composed of two elements only.

What happens to bromine atoms in ionic bonding?

Each bromine atom gains one electron to form a bromide ion.

What is the role of electrostatic forces in ionic compounds?

Electrostatic forces attract cations and anions, holding them together in ionic bonds.

What is the relationship between the charges of cations and anions in ionic compounds?

Cations and anions have opposite charges and attract each other, resulting in electrically neutral ionic compounds.

What is the general process of forming ionic compounds?

Metals lose electrons to form cations, and nonmetals gain electrons to form anions, achieving stable electron configurations.

What is the significance of Lewis dot structures in predicting ionic compounds?

Lewis dot structures help visualize the valence electrons involved in the formation of ionic bonds.

What is the chemical formula for sodium bromide?

NaBr, formed from Na+ and Br- ions.

What is the chemical formula for lithium phosphide?

Li3P, formed from lithium cations and phosphide anions.

What is the formula for aluminum sulfide?

Al2S3, formed from aluminum cations and sulfide anions.

What is the formula for strontium fluoride?

SrF2, formed when strontium cations bond with two fluoride anions.

What is the formula for cesium fluoride?

CsF, formed from cesium cations and fluoride anions.

What is the charge of the iron(II) ion?

Fe2+

What is the charge of the iron(III) ion?

Fe3+

How do you determine the name of a binary ionic compound with a transition metal?

Determine the charge of the metal ion and use Roman numerals in the name.

What is the formula for Nickel(III) oxide?

Ni2O3

What is the name of CoCl3?

Cobalt(III) Chloride

What is the formula for Lead(IV) oxide?

PbO2

What is the name of Sn3P2?

Tin(II) Phosphide

What is the formula for iron(III) iodide?

FeI3

What is the formula for manganese(III) oxide?

Mn2O3

What is the formula for copper(I) chloride?

CuCl

What is a polyatomic ion?

An ion composed of more than one atom that behaves as a unit and carries a charge.

What is the formula for ammonium?

NH4+

What is the formula for nitrate?

NO3-

What is the formula for hydroxide?

OH-

What is the name of MgCO3?

Magnesium Carbonate

What is the formula for iron(III) sulfate?

Fe2(SO4)3

What is the name of (NH4)2SO4?

Ammonium Sulfate

What is the formula for sodium bicarbonate?

NaHCO3

What is a common error when writing ionic formulas?

Multiplying subscripts incorrectly or forgetting parentheses for multiple polyatomic ions.

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

They are solids at room temperature, have high melting points, and can conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted.

What happens to ionic compounds when they are melted?

Their crystal structure breaks down, allowing ions to move freely and conduct electricity.

What is an ionic bond?

The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together.

What is the significance of Roman numerals in naming ionic compounds?

They indicate the charge of the transition metal in the compound.

What is the formula for potassium permanganate?

KMnO4

What is the formula for cadmium sulfide?

CdS

What is the formula for silver nitrate?

AgNO3

What is the formula for calcium phosphide?

Ca3P2

What is the formula for nickel(II) phosphate?

Ni3(PO4)2